2010年成考专家指导：英语语法复习之强调结构

　　强调结构

　　常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。

　　It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。

　　典型例题

　　1) It was last night ___ I see the comet.

　　A.　the time　B.　when　 C.　that　　D.　which

　　答案C. 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。　强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 "who"，其余用that。

　　2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.

　　A. that　B. when　 C. since　 D. as

　　答案C. 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It　 be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。

　　2009年专升本原题：

　　15. It was at the music hall________we met each other for the first time.

　　A. when B. where C. which D. that

　　1.介词+关系词(常用which,whom,whose)

　　1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。

　　2)that前不能有介词。

　　3)判断该类题型时特别注意：所选介词一定要和从句中出现的动词(考的最多)或形容词搭配成短语

　　This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

　　This is the house where I lived two years ago.

　　2.as, which 非限定性定语从句

　　由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

　　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

　　3.As 的用法

　　例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。

　　I have got into the same trouble as he (has).

　　He is not the same man as he used to be.

　　例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。

　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

　　As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.

　　4.特殊句式(考题中常给出迷惑性的选项anyone或who，除非它们一起出现，否则一定是用Whoever)

　　Whoever spits in public will be punished here.

　　(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

　　5.时间状语从句中的when while as

　　1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。

　　Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.

　　2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。

　　When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.

　　3)从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。

　　As the day went on, the weather got worse.

　　日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。

　　6.主谓一致(你一定要拿到的一分)

　　a.当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

　　The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.

　　He as well as I wants to go boating.

　　b.当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

　　There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..

　　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

　　c.当either… or… 与neither… nor，　连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。

　　Either you or she is to go.

　　Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

　　d.在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。

　　Many a person has read the novel.　许多人都读过这本书。

　　More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。