2000年北京成人本科学士学位英语试题及答案精析

2000年北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试试题B卷

Part I  Reading Comprehension
Passage 1 
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: 

Advertisement can be thought of “as the means of making known in order to buy or sell goods or services”. Advertisement aims to increase people’s awareness and arouse interest. It tries to inform and to persuade. The media are all used to spread the message. The press offers a fairly cheap method, and magazines are used to reach special sections of the market. The cinema and commercial radio are useful for local market.

There can be no doubt that the growth in advertisement is one of the most striking features of the western world in this century. Many businesses such as those handling frozen foods, liquor, tobacco and medicines have been built up largely by advertisement.

We might ask whether the cost of advertisement is paid for by the producer or by the customer. Since advertisement forms part of the cost of production, which has to be covered by the selling price, it is clear that it is the customer who pays for advertisement. However, if large scale advertisement leads to increased demand, production costs are reduced, and the customer pays less.

It is difficult to measure exactly the influence of advertisement on sales. When the market is growing, advertisement helps to increase demand. When the market is shrinking, advertisement may prevent a bigger fall in sales than would occur without its support. What is clear is that businesses would not pay large sums for advertisement if they were not convinced of its value to them.

1. Advertisement is often used to _____.
　A. deceive customers　　B. increase production　C. arouse suspicion　D. push the sale
答案：D 细节题。答案在第一段第一句话：“Advertisement can be thought of as the means of making known in order to buy or sell goods or services”。因此“广告常常被用来当作促销商品的手段。”D最符合题意。

2. The word“media”（in the first paragraph）includes _____.
　A. the press　　B. television　　C. radio　　D. all of the above
答案：D 细节题。media ：媒体。因为在其后的句子中作者紧接着列举了press，magazines，the cinema and commercial radio，television，exhibitions等词。因此可以断定media应当包括the press，television，and radio。所以D是正确答案。

3. Advertisement is mainly paid for by _____.
　A. the customer　　B. the producer　　C. increased sales　　D. reduced prices
答案：A 细节题。答案在第三段：“it is clear that it is customer who pays for advertisement.”因此广告的费用主要是由顾客来付。

4. Advertisement can increase demand _____.
A. all the time　B. in any circumstances　C. in a growing market　D. in a shrinking market
答案：C 细节题。答案在第四段：“When the market is growing, advertisement helps to increase demand.”因此，如果市场扩大了，广告有助于增加需求。

5. From the last sentence of this passage we conclude that _____.
　A. businesses usually do not pay much for advertisement
　B. businessmen know well that advertisement could bring them more profits
　C. advertisement could hardly convince people of the value of the goods
　D. advertisement usually cost businesses large amounts of money
答案：B 逻辑推理题。文章最后一句话的意思是：“很明显，如果商家对产品的利润没有把握的话，是不会花很多钱投资广告的。”换句话说：商家非常清楚广告会给他带来更大的利润。因此B是正确答案。

Passage 2 
How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters we call words.

The power of words, then, lies in their combinations — the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.

Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts, but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and feelings. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary （文字的） style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and rude.

6. The origin of language _____.
　A. is reflected in sounds and letters
　B. is handed down from generation to generation
　C. dates back to the prehistoric period
　D. is a problem not yet solved
答案：D 细节题。答案在第一段：“the origin of language is a mystery.”因此，语言的起源仍然是个迷，还没有得到解决。

7. According to the passage, words are _____.
A. visual letters　　                       B. represented by sounds
C. represented either by sounds or letters       D. signs called letters
答案：C 细节题。第一段谈到：“人类起初用某种声音进行交流， 后来又有了字母，字母结合起来可以代表声音，也可以写下来。因此，这些说出来的声音也好，用字母写出来的声音也好，被称为单词。”所以B是正确答案：单词即可以代表声音，也可以代表字母。

8. The power of words lies in their _____.
　A. beauty　　B. accuracy　　C. combinations　　D. charm
答案：C细节题。答案在第二段的第一句话：“the power of words, then lies in their combination”语言的魅力在于他们的组合。

9. The secret of a writer’s success is the use of words that _____.
　A. recall to us the glad and sad events of our past
　B. are arranged in a creative way
　C. are as beautiful as music
　D. agree with certain literary style
答案：A 细节题。在第三段的第一句话：“Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerful to our minds and feelings.”因此作家的伟大在于他们擅长使用丰富的词汇，能使我们回想起过去的喜怒哀乐。B-D文章均没提到

10. The author of the passage advises us _____.
　A. to use words carefully and accurately　　B. not to use silly and rude words
　C. to become a slave of words                  D. to use emotional words
答案：A细节题。答案在文章的最后一句：“We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and rude.”因此，文章建议我们用词要谨慎、准确。
 
Passage 3 
Most people have had a dog or wanted one as their companion at some time in their lives. If you are thinking of buying a dog, however, you should first decide what sort of companion you need and whether the dog is likely to be happy in the surroundings you can provide. Specialists’ advice is useful to help you choose the most suitable kind of dog.

But in part the decision depends on common sense. Different dogs were originally developed to perform specific tasks. So, if you want a dog to protect you or your house, for example, you should choose the one that has the right size and characteristics. You must also be ready to devote a great deal of time to training the dog when it is young and give it the exercise it needs throughout its life, unless you live in the countryside and can let it run freely. Dogs are demanding pets. Cats love the house and so are satisfactory with their place where there is secure, but a dog is loyal to its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection .

The best time to buy a baby dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its love for its mother to its master. If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they are over three months old, their strong relationship will always be with dogs. They are likely to be too shy when they are brought out into the world to become good pets.

11. Which of the following is Not true according to the passage?
　A. You can always get help from the specialists.
　B. It is common sense that is the most important when choosing a dog.
　C. You should decide what kind of dog you want.
　D. Size and characteristics of the dogs should be considered too.
答案：B细节题。文章中提到了买狗的时候先要决定买什么样的，狗的大小、特征也要考虑，而且专家的建议也非常重要，所以A，C，D都是正确的。关于“common sense”，是这样说的：“In part the decision depends on common sense.”所以选择狗的时候，common sense 并不是最重要的，而是部分因素。因此只有B不符合原文。

12. What is mentioned as a consideration in buying a dog?

　A. The color of the dog.
　B. The price of the dog.
　C. Whether the dog will fit the environment.
　D. Whether the dog will get along with the other pets in the house.
答案：C细节题。根据文章的内容，买狗的时候并没有提到要考虑狗的颜色、狗的价格，以及狗能否和家中的其他宠物很好的相处。但是提到了要考虑狗能否适应周围的环境。“whether the dog is likely to be happy in the surroundings you can provide.”

13. Why does the writer say a dog is a more demanding pet than a cat?
　A. It must be trained so that it won’t bite.
　B. It demands more food and space.
　C. It needs more love and care.
　D. It must be looked after carefully.
答案：C细节题。demanding：要求高的，费力的。作者认为狗是比猫费心的宠物，因为猫喜欢我们的房子，只要住的地方安全，它就会非常的满足。而狗则不同，你必需在它很小的时候花很多的精力去训练它，如果你不住在农村，没有机会让狗自由活动的话，你还必须给它这样的机会。而且你最好在三个月以前就买回来，这样有利于和主人培养感情。可见狗是多么的费心。

14. Why is it advised to buy a baby dog under three months old?
　A. It’s easier to buy a baby dog under three months old.
　B. They are less likely to be shy with human beings.
　C. They are less likely to run away.
　D. It’s easier for them to form a relationship with their masters.
答案：D细节题。文章的最后：“If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they are over three month old, their strong relationship will always be with dogs.”所以要买三个月以下的狗，容易和它的主人建立感情。

15. The word “affection” (line 11) means _____.
　A. love　　B. effect　　C. tie　　D. relationship
答案：A 词汇题。affection：喜爱，慈爱。

Passage 4 
Movies are the most popular form of entertainment for millions of Americans. They go to the movies to escape their normal everyday existence and to experience a life more exciting than their own. They may choose to see a particular film because they like the actors or because they have heard the film has a good story. But the main reason why people go to the movies is to escape. Sitting in a dark theater, watching the images on the screen, they enter another world that is real to them. They become involved in the lives of the characters in the movie, and for two hours, they forget all about their own problems. They are in a dream world where things often appear to be more romantic（浪漫的）and beautiful than in real life.

The biggest “dream factories” are in Hollywood, the capital of the film industry. Each year, Hollywood studios make hundreds of movies that are shown all over the world. American movies are popular because they tell stories and they are well-made. They provide the public with heroes who do things the average person would like to do but often can’t. People have to cope with many problems and much trouble in real life, so they feel encouraged when they see the “good guys” win in the movies.

16. The Americans go to the movies mainly because they want _____.
　A. to enjoy a good story            B. to experience an exciting life
　C. to see the actors and actresses      D. to escape their daily life
答案：D细节题。文章第一段的第二句话说：“They go to the movies to escape their normal everyday existence and to experience a life more exciting than their own.”后面又谈到“But the main reason why people go to the movies is to escape.”所以美国人去看电影的重要原因是逃避现实生活。A,B,C 只是原因之一，而不是主要原因。

17. Which of the following is people’s normal response to the movies they watch?
　A. They feel that everything on the screen is familiar to them.
　B. They try to turn their dreams into reality.
C. They become so involved that they forget their own problems.
　D. They are touched by the life stories of the stories of the actors and actresses.
答案：C细节题。文章第一段谈到：“坐在电影院里，看着屏幕上的画面，人们进入了另一个世界。两个小时之中，他们沉醉在电影的世界里，忘记了自己的烦恼。”因此人们对电影的反应是，如此的沉醉其中忘记了自己的烦恼。

18. It is obvious that real life is _____.
　A. less romantic than that in the movies      B. more romantic than that in the movies
　C. as romantic as that in the movies            D. filled with romantic stories
答案：A细节题。第一段的最后一句话：“They are in a dream world where things often appear to be more romantic and beautiful than in real life.”说明电影中的生活比现实生活浪漫。

19. The American movies are popular because _____.
　A. they are well-made and the stories are interesting
　B. the characters in the movies are free to do whatever they like
　C. the heroes have to cope with many problems and frustrations
　D. good guys in the movies always win in the end
答案：A细节题。答案在第二段：“American movies are popular because they tell stories and they are well-made.”因此A是正确答案。

20. People enjoy seeing the movies because they _____.
　A. are tired of their everyday lives
　B. feel inspired by the heroic deeds of the good guys
　C. want to see who win in the end
　D. have to cope with many problems in their lives
答案：B推理题。文章的最后说：“电影中有许多的英雄人物，他们做了许多普通人想做但又做不到的事情。而现实生活中我们必须处理许多问题，面对许多麻烦，因此当人们看到电影中的英雄获胜的时候，会受到鼓舞。”所以人们喜欢看电影是因为他们会受到影片中人物的英雄事迹的鼓舞。A应当是人们看电影的原因之一，而不是enjoy seeing he movies。C，D都不符合文章的内容。

PartⅡ Vocabulary and Structure
21. Mary regretted _____ to John’s birthday party last Sunday.
　A. not going　　B. not to go　　C. not having been going　　D. not to be going
答案：A。regret后面要跟动名词做宾语，动名词的否定式是在动名词之前直接加not。

22. The famous novel is said _____ into Chinese.
　A. to have translated　B. to be translate　C. to have been translated　D. to translate
答案：C。本句是动词不定式的完成、被动式。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式表示的动作的对象时（或是动作的承受者时），不定式一般要用被动式。不定式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。如：He is not likely to have been told the result.这个结果可能还没有告诉他。

23. Standing on the bank, the children watched the ship _____ with all kinds of goods.
　A. loading　　B. being loaded　　C. to be loaded　　D. having loaded
答案：B。本句为现在分词的被动做watch 的宾语补足语。因为宾语和宾补是动宾关系，而且表示动作正在进行，所以用现在分词的被动式；watch 也可以跟无to不定式做宾补，表示动作已经结束。Do you hear someone calling you? 你听见有人叫你吗？（现在分词做宾补，表示动作正在进行。）Yes, I did. I heard him call me several times.是的，我听见他叫了我几次了。（不定式做宾补，表示动作已经结束）。

24. I _____ writing the article by the time you get back.
　A. shall finish　　B. must have finished　　C. have finished　　D. shall have finished
答案：D。本句为将来完成时。表示在将来的某一时刻或将来的某一时刻之前已完成，这一动作可以继续下去。When you come again in July we shall have moved into a new house.七月份你们再来的时候，我们就搬进新房子里去了。I shall have done it by the end of this week.我要在周末做完它。本句的意思是“我要在你回来之前写完这篇文章”。

25. Mary never tells anyone what she does for a _____.
　A. job　　B. work　　C. profession　　D. living
答案：D。living ：生计。make (earn) a living 谋生，生计。

26. I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I _____ him earlier.
　A. had a telephone　　B. have phoned　　C. should have phoned　　D. should be phoned
答案：C。should（ought to）+have+过去分词：表示对过去动作的责备、批评。You should have gone over your lessons.你们应把功课复习好。You shouldn’t have watched TV last night.你们昨天晚上不应该看电视。

27. With the old man _____ the way, we had no trouble in finding that mysterious cave.
　A. leading　　B. led　　C. lead　　D. to be led
答案：A。介词with可以跟复合宾语。表示伴随的情况和结果。stand with one’s hands in one’s pockets.两手插在口袋里站着。The king came in, with all his servants following after him.国王回来了，后面跟着全体仆役。There had been a riot with twenty injured.曾经发生了一场有20人受伤的暴乱。

28. _____ anything about the accident, he went to work as well.
　A. Not know　　B. Know not　　C. Knowing not　　D. Not knowing
答案：D。本句为分词短语的否定式做状语。

29. Nowhere else in the world _____ more attractive scenery than in Switzerland.
　A. you can find　　B. is found　　C. can you find　　D. has been found
答案：C。否定词nowhere放在句首，句子倒装：否定词＋助动词（be动词）+主语。常放在句首的否定词有：nowhere （没有地方），never（从不），hardly, scarcely（几乎不），little（几乎没有）等。Barely does he have enough money to live on.他几乎没有足够的钱为生。Little did I think that I would lose the game.我根本没有想到我会输掉这场比赛。

30. The voters told the politician that he could _____ on their support in the next general elections.
　A. expect　　B. decide　　C. count　　D. doubt
答案：C。count on（upon）：依靠，指望。You can count on me for everything in the future .你将来的一切可以全靠我。You can’t count on the weather being fine. 你不能指望天晴。本句的意思“选民们对这位政客说他在明年的大选中依靠他们”。其余的选项意思都不正确。

31. An old friend from abroad, _____ I was expecting to stay with, telephoned me from the airport.
　A. that　　B. whom　　C. who　　D. which
答案：B。whom，关系代词，在定语从句中做with 的宾语，指人。

32. Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college.
　A. could study　　B. studied　　C. had studied　　D. would study
答案：C。wish 后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气中时态类似在非真实条件从句中时态的应用——时态后移。与现在的事实相反（用过去时），I wish I were you .但愿我是你多好啊！与过去的事实相反的愿望（用过去完成时），I wish he hadn’t made the big mistake.他要是不犯那个大错误，该有多好！与将来的愿望相反即愿望难以实现（用过去将来时），I wish I could be of more use in the future.我希望我将来有点用处。

33. When she heard the bad news, she _____ completely.
　A. broke away　　B. broke up　　C. broke down　　D. broke out
答案：C。break down: 禁不住痛哭，（身体、精神）垮了。When she heard the news she broke down and cried. 当她听到这个消息是，她失声痛哭。本句的意思是“当听到她儿子死亡的消息时她放声痛哭。”因此只有C最符合题意。break out：爆发，突然发生。The economic crisis broke out first in the United States.经济危机首先爆发在美国。break away断绝关系。He broke away from all his old friends. 他与所有的老朋友断绝了来往。break up：打破，打碎。I broke up the chocolate bar and gave each child a small piece.我把长条形巧克力弄碎，给每个孩子一小块。

34. He _____ a large fortune from his business.
　A. made　　B. won　　C. expected　　D. gained
答案：A。make a fortune：发财。固定搭配。He made a fortune out of smuggling.他靠走私发了一大笔财。

35. He never wrote to his father _____ he was in need of money.
　A. except　　B. except when　　C. except for　　D. except that
答案：B。except 和except for 都是介词，后面接短语。而except that和except when后面接宾语从句。that在从句中只起连接作用。而when在从句中做状语。如：She knew nothing about his journey except that he was likely to be away for three months.关于他们的旅行她不清楚，只知道他大概要离开三个月。（that 在宾语从句中只起连接作用）He was a man of fine character in all points except that he was rather timid.他在各方面都很好，除了有点胆小。而本句要选择except when，因为when 在从句中做状语。

36. He looked behind him to _____ he was not being followed.
　A. believe　　B. find　　C. make sure　　D. look
答案：C。make sure：确信，保证。本句的意思是“他向后看了看，确信没有人跟踪他。”

37. The car was repaired but not quite to my _____.
　A. joy　　B. pleasure　　C. attraction　　D. satisfaction
答案：D。to one’s satisfaction（名词）：使某人满意的是…；to one’s surprise：使某人吃惊的是；to one’s amazement：使某人高兴的是。

38. Are you _____ spending more money on the space program?
　A. in favor of　　B. by favor of　　C. in favor to　　D. out of favor
答案；A。in favor of赞同，支持。He refused a job in government in favor of a university appointment. 他拒绝了政府部门的工作而选择了大学的职位。只有A 最符合题意。by（the） favor of（信封上用语）烦请…面交，out of favor（with sb）：失宠于（某人），不受某人的欢迎。没有in favor to的搭配。