03年11月北京成人本科学位英语考试A卷（答案精析）

2003年11月北京成人本科学位英语考试A卷

新大纲后的第一套题
PartⅠReading Comprehension  
Passage 1 
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: 
After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest.

There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other. 

Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly ( although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement. 

 (77) If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believed that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!

【文章大意及重要词汇】

在繁忙的工作和活动了一天之后,你的身体需要休息。睡眠对良好的健康是必要（necessary）。在这段时间里,身体从前一天（previous）的劳累中恢复（recover）过来。睡眠时获得的能量使你的身体为第二天做准备（prepare）。

睡眠一共有四个阶段，其程度是逐渐加深的。在你睡觉的时候，你的肌肉（muscle）逐渐放松（relax）下来，心跳减缓，大脑活动放慢。在到达第四个阶段之后，你的身体将在四个阶段之间循环。

尽管你的大脑放松下来了，但是你还会不时的做梦。研究睡眠的专家指出，在你做梦的时候你的眼珠（eyeball）开始快速运动。这个阶段我们称之为REM，他表示快速的眼部运动。如果你入睡困难，有些人建议进行深呼吸。有些人认为，和热牛奶使人有睡意（drowsy）从而有助于入睡，还有一个建议就是通过数羊来加速睡眠。 

1. A good title for this passage is_____. 
A. Sleep                     B. Good Health 
C. Dreams                   D Work and Rest
答案：A 主旨题。适合文章的题目是？A, 睡眠。文章的第一段告诉我们，Sleep is necessary for good health，第二段和最后一段也提出了睡眠分四个阶段及REM节段，文章是围绕睡眠展开的。

2. The word drowsy in the last paragraph means____. 
A. sick                      B. stand up 
C. asleep                    D. a little sleepy
答案：D 词汇题。最后一段中drowsy 是什么意思？D, 欲睡的，困的。根据意思应选D 。

3. This passage suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you____. 
A. dream more often           B. have poor health 
C. nervous                   D. breathe quickly
答案：B 细节题。文章暗示出，睡眠不足会导致？B, 健康状况差。根据文章和常识可以选出是B。 

4. During REM,_____. 
A. your eyes move quickly      B. you dream 
C. you are restless             D. both A and B
答案：D 细节题。在REM节段，会出现下列那些行为？D，眼睛快速的运转和做梦。文章最后一段讲，Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly 。This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement。 

5. The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is _____. 
A. approximately six hours      B. around ten hours 
C. about eight hours            D. not stated here
答案：D 细节题。成人每天需要多长时间的睡眠？D, 文章没有告诉。文章虽是讲睡眠的但是没有告诉我们成人的睡眠量是多少，所以应选D。

Passage 2 
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: 
Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages. 

(78) In the first place, television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a comparatively cheap one. With a TV set in the family people don’t have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema, or the opera. All they have to do is to push a button or turn a knob, and they can see plays, films, operas and shows of every kind. Some people, however, think that this is where the danger lies. The television viewers need do nothing. He does not even have use his legs if he has a remote control. He makes no choice and exercises, no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything presented to him without any effort on his part. 

Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events and the latest developments in science and politics. The most distant countries and the strangest customs are brought right into one’s sitting room. It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real. Yet here again there is a danger. The television screen itself has a terrible, almost physical charm for us. (79) We get so used to looking at the movements on it, so dependent on its pictures, that it begins to control our lives. People are often heard to say that their television sets have broken down and that they have suddenly found that they have far more time to do things and that they have actually begun to talk to each other again. It makes one think, doesn’t it? 

There are many other arguments for and against television. We must realize that television itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses that it is put to that determine its value to society.

【文章大意及重要词汇】

很明显，电视有利（advantage）也有弊（disadvantage）。

首先电视不仅是一种便利（convenient）而且相对便宜的娱乐（entertainment）方式，家里有了电视，人们就没有必要花大量金钱去剧院（theatre）、电影院或者歌剧院了。他们只需要按一下开关（button）就可以在家里看各种比赛、电影、歌剧以及其他各种各样的电视节目。但是，有些人也提出了电视的弊病所在，观众什么也不用做，如果有遥控器的话，他们甚至不用走路。他们没有自己的选择和判断（judgment），也无法锻炼自己。他们完全是被动（passive）的，它不需要做任何的努力。

电视让我们了解时事和科学及政治的发展。即使最遥远的国家和最奇怪的风俗习惯（customs）也可以通过电视在家里得知。有人争论（argue）到，收音机也有这样的功能，但是电视展现给人的是更生动和逼真的画面。但是它也有弊端。电视屏幕对人的身体没有好处。我们如此习惯的看屏幕上的一举一动，如此依赖于（dependent on）看它展现给我们的画面，以至于电视开始控制我们的生活。有些时候，我们会听到人们说电视坏了，他们突然之间意识到自己有大量的时间干别的事情了，也开始彼此交流了。这发人深思，事吗？

关于电视弊和利的讨论还很多，我们必须认识到电视本身是没有好坏的，它对社会的价值取决于人们如何去用它。

6. What is the major function of paragraph 1? 
A. To arouse the reader’s concern 
B. To introduce the theme of the whole passage 
C. To summarize the whole passage 
D. To state the primary uses of TV
答案：B 推理题。文章第一段话的主要作用是？B，介绍文章的主旨。第一段话，很明显，电视有利也有弊。这是对文章主旨的介绍。

7. Television, as a source of entertainment, is____. 
A. not very convenient        B. very expensive 
C. quite dangerous           D. relatively cheap
答案：D 细节题。电视作为一种娱乐方式，是——D，相对便宜。根据文章的第二段第一句，首先电视不仅是一种便利而且相对便宜的娱乐方式，得出答案是D。 

8. Why are some people against TV? 
A. Because TV programs are not interesting 
B. Because TV viewers are totally passive 
C. Because TV prices are very high. 
D. Because TV has both advantages and disadvantages
答案：B 细节题。为什么有些人反对电视？B，因为看电视的人完全是被动的。文章第二段，Some people, however, think that this is where the danger lies. The television viewers need do nothing. He does not even have use his legs if he has a remote control. He makes no choice and exercises, no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything presented to him without any effort on his part.，可以看出答案是B。

9. One of the most obvious advantages of TV is that____. 
A. it keeps us informed        B. it is very cheap 
C. it enables us to have a rest    D. it controls our lives
答案：A 细节题。电视一个最明显的好处是？A，让我们获取信息。本文第三段，Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events and the latest developments in science and politics，应该选A。 

10. According to the passage, whether TV is good or not depends on____. 
A. its quality                 B. people’s attitude towards it 
C. how we use it              D. when we use it
答案：C 细节题。根据文章，电视的好坏取决于？C，我们怎么使用它。文章最后一段话，It is the uses that it is put to that determine its value to society。 

Passage 3 
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: 
Too often young people get themselves employed quite by accident, not knowing what lies in the way of opportunity for promotion, happiness and security. As a result, they are employed doing jobs that afford them little or no satisfaction. (80) Our school leavers face so much competition that they seldom care what they do as long as they can earn a living. Some stay long at a job and learn to like it; others quit from one to another looking for something to suit them. The young graduates who leave the university look for jobs that offer a salary up to their expectation. 

Very few go out into the world knowing exactly what they want and realizing their own abilities. The reason behind all this confusion is that there never has been a proper vocational guidance in our educational institution. Nearly all grope (摸索) in the dark and their chief concern when they look for a job is to ask what salary is like. They never bother to think whether they are suited for the job or, even more important, whether the job suits them. Having a job is more than merely providing yourself and your dependants with daily bread and some money for leisure and entertainment. It sets a pattern of life and, in many ways, determines social status in life, selection of friends, leisure and interest. 

In choosing a career you should first consider the type of work which will suit your interest. Nothing is more pathetic than taking on a job in which you have no interest, for it will not only discourage your desire to succeed in life but also ruin your talents and ultimately make you an emotional wreck (受到严重伤害的人) and a bitter person.

【文章大意及重要词汇】

   年轻人是很偶然（by accident）找到工作的，而不考虑提升（promotion）的机会（opportunity），快乐和安全的因素。结果他们找的工作给他们很少甚至根本没有满足感。我们的大学毕业生面临着如此激烈的竞争（competition），因此他们很少在乎从事何种工作，只要能谋生就行了。有些人长时间干同一份工作，并且试着去喜欢它；有些人放弃了一个又一个工作，一直在找适合他们的。刚毕业的大学生（graduation）要找的工作使那些能满足他们薪水（salary）要求的。

   大部分人进入社会却不知道自己想要什么和真正了解自己的能力。所有这些疑惑是由于我们的教育体制（institution）没有给学生提供一个合适的职业指南（guidance）造成的，所有的人都是在摸索（grope）中前进，他们在找工作时首要考虑的是薪水，却从来不去认真的考虑他们是否适合做这些工作或者这样的工作是否适合他们。工作不单单是为你和需要你养活的人提供每天的食物和用于工作之余休闲（leisure）娱乐（entertainment）的消费，更重要的是它决定了你的生活方式，影响着你的社会地位（status），朋友的选择和兴趣所在。没有什么比拥有一份自己不喜欢的工作更可悲（pathetic）的了，因为这样的工作不但挫败（discourage）了你对成功的渴望，而且妨碍了你对天赋（talent）的发挥，最终使你变成一个精神上受到严重伤害的人（wreck），和备感痛苦的人。 

11. The reason why some people are unlikely to succeed in life is that they  
A. have ruined their talents 
B. have taken on an unsuitable job 
C. think of nothing but their salary 
D. are not aware of their own potential
答案：B 推理题。有些人很难取得成功是因为他们？B，找了一个不合适的工作。整个文章都在讲年轻人是很偶然找到工作的，因此他们在工作中很少甚至根本没有满足感，由此可以推出应选B。 

12. The difficulty in choosing a suitable job lies mainly in that_____. 
A. much competition has to be faced 
B. many employees have no working experience 
C. the young people only care about how much they can earn 
D. schools fail to offer students appropriate vocational guidance
答案：D 细节题。年轻人很难找到适合自己的工作是因为？D，学校没有给学生适当的择业指南。文章第二段，The reason behind all this confusion is that there never has been a proper vocational guidance in our educational institution。

13. Which of the following statements is most important according to the passage? 
A. Your job must suit your interest. 
B. Your job must set a pattern of life. 
C. Your job must offer you a high salary. 
D. Your job must not ruin your talents.
答案：A 细节题。根据文章，下列哪一个是最重要的？A，你的工作必须是你喜欢的。文章第三段，In choosing a career you should first consider the type of work which will suit your interest，选A。 

14. The best title for this passage would be____. 
A. What Can A Good Job Offer 
B. Earning A Living 
C. Correct Attitude On Job-hunting 
D. How To Choose A Job
答案：D 主旨题。最适合文章的标题是那一个？D，如何找一份好工作。据文章大意得出应选D。

15. The word “ pathetic” in Paragraph 2 most probably means____. 
A. splendid             B. miserable 
C. disgusted            D. touching 
答案：B 词汇。文章第二段中的pathetic 的意思是？B，痛苦的，悲惨的，可怜。文章最后一段，Nothing is more pathetic than taking on a job in which you have no interest。

Part II  Vocabulary and Structure
16. Today books are_____ to everyone because they are no longer expensive. 
A. available                  B. preferable 
C. reliable                   D. actual
答案：A 词义辨析。Available 可用的，可以得到的。Preferable 更可取的，更好的。Reliable 可靠的，可信赖的。Actual 实际的，真实的。根据句意应选A。

17. We shall ask for samples_____ and then we can make our decision. 
A. to be sent                 B. being sent 
C. to sent                    D. to have been sent
答案：A 不定式的用法。送样品是将来要发生的动作，所以应该用不定式；但是样品和送之间是被动关系；综合两个知识点应选A。

18. The forest fire caused by the volcano is difficult to be_____. 
A. put off                   B. put away 
C. put out                   D. put up
答案：C 短语辨析。根据题干大火应该是被扑灭的，应选C，put out 扑灭，出版。

19. It was not_____ midnight that they discovered the children were not in their beds. 
A. before             B. at            C. after           D. until
答案：D 固定搭配。It is…that 是一个强调句，可以看出本句强调的是时间。A、B、C、D项都可以和midnight 进行搭配，但能和not 连用表示强调的只有D项，只有….才….。

20. The girl is not happy at the new school. She has _____ friends there. 
A. few               B. a few         C. little           D. quite a few
答案：A 词义辨析。A项是几乎没有的意思，而且few还是修饰可数名词的，其它项都不符合题意，所以应选A。 

21. Robots have already_____ human tasks in the industrial field. 
A. taken on           B. taken out      C. taken up        D. taken over
答案：A 词义辨析。take on 承担，从事。take out 拿出，带出。take up 开始从事，占据。take over接管，接收。根据句意应选A项。 

22. I can’t find the recorder in the room. It ____   by somebody. 
A. must have taken            B. may have taken 
C. may have been taken        D. should have been taken
答案：C 情态动词的推测。首先根据by可以看出应该选的是被动式，首先可排除A和B项，而C项的may 是对现在或过去不太肯定的推测，D项should表示据事实而论，所以根据句意应选C项。

23. He took the medicine, but it didn’t have any_____. 
A. answer            B. cause         C. effect          D. effect
答案：C 词义辨析。Answer 答案。Cause 原因。Effect 作用，影响。Effect 工作。据句意应选C。 

24. It is_____ that over one million Americans now live below the poverty line. 
A. judged            B. estimated      C. calculated      D. considered
答案：B 词义辨析。Judged 审理，断定。Estimated 粗略的计算或由不完全资料计算的；估计，预算，常用It is estimated…这样的句型。Calculated 计算。Considered 考虑。根据句意应选B。