2005年4月北京成人本科学位英语考试B卷试题（答案精析）

Part I  Reading Comprehension 
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:
When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school.

(76) For instance, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can, and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probably isn""t sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And, if he can""t make things work out right, he doesn""t feel ashamed that he failed; he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook on life, a special feeling about life, and knows how he fits into it.

If you look at children, you""ll see great difference between what we call "bright" children and "not-bright" children. They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amount of intelligence. For example, the bright child really wants to find out about life - he tries to get in touch with everything around him. (77) But, the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream-world; he seems to have a wall between him and life in general.

[文章大意及重要词汇]

我们所谓的智商（intelligence）并不是指能够在某种测试中获得高分或在学校成绩优秀。而是指一种生活或行为的方式，特别是当处在一种全新或混乱（upsetting）的情形下时。要想测试一个人的智商，就必须看他的行为而不是看他懂多少。

例如，在面对新情况时， 智商高的会考虑当前形势而不是只考虑自己或自己将会到什么。他会尽其所能并立即（immediately）采取行动试图有所作为。他自己可能并不知道能有多大作用，但至少他尝试了。并且，如果没有能够立即解决问题，他也不会为自己的失败而感到气馁，只是尝试着从错误中吸取教训。一个智商高的人，即使非常年轻，也会对生活有特殊的看法（outlook on）、特殊的感受，并且知道如何去适应生活。

孩子们中也存在着所谓“聪明”与“不聪明”的区别。事实上他们是两种不同的人，但智商却千万别。例如，聪明的孩子非常想从生活中去发现，他会试图接触周围的一切。然而，智商低的孩子则更多地独处并局限于他想象中的世界，他好象与生活隔了一面墙一样。

1. According to this passage, intelligence is __________。
A. the ability to study well
B. the ability to do well in school
C. the ability to deal with life
D. the ability to get high scores on some tests
[解析]本题是细节题，由本文中的第一段 “By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving…t to do.” 可知答案[C]是正确的。

2. In a new situation, an intelligent person__________.
A. knows more about what might happen to him
B. is sure of the result he will get
C. concentrates on what to do about the situation
D. cares more about himself
[解析]本题是细节题，由本文中的第二段的第一、二句的内容，可知答案[C]是对的。

3. If an intelligent person failed, he would__________.
A. try not to feel ashamed
B. learn from his experiences
C. try to regret as much as possible
D. make sure what result he would get
[解析]本题是细节题，由本文中的第二段的第四句And, if he can""t make things work out right, he doesn""t feel ashamed that he failed; he just tries to learn from his mistakes.，可知答案[B]是对的。learn from his mistakes等于 learn from his experiences。

4. Bright children and not-bright children__________.
A. are two different types of children
B. are different mainly in their degree of cleverness
C. have difference only in their way of thinking
D. have different knowledge about the world
[解析]本题是细节题，由本文中的第三段的第二句hey are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amount of intelligence. 可知答案[A]是对的. two different kinds of people等于two different types of children。

5. The author of this passage will probably continue to talk about __________.
A. how to determine what intelligence is
B. how education should be found
C. how to solve practical problems
D. how an unintelligent person should be taught
[解析]本题是推理题，由本文中的第三段已提出了两种不同类型的人，聪明的人已在上一段阐述过，按推断应对另外一类人进行分析，故答案[D]是对的。

Passage 2
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
Human needs seem endless. (78) When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view. The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.

The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War I1, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the "life-enriching" level. (79) While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is. the feed in comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.

On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?

A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

[文章大意及重要词汇]

人类的需求好像是无止境的（endless），当一饥饿的人吃饱喝足后，他就开始想拥有一件外套。当一位经理得到一辆跑车后，就开始想望一所大房子和豪华游艇。人类的需求可以概括为好几个层次，一个层次满足后就会需要另一个层次。

第一层也是最基本的层次就是对食物的需求，一旦这个需求得到满足之后，第二个层次的需求，像衣服和房子就随之而来，第二次世界大战后，大多数的美国人都已达到这一层次。于是第三层次就出现了，这个层次包括了汽车和大房子。

到了1957、58年的时候，人们的第三层次也得到了充分的满足。20世纪50年后期，第四个层次的要求“丰富多彩的生活”（life-enriching）有出现了。前面三个层次的需求都是在物质方面在比如食物和交通方便的需求。而第四层次强调精神上满足，例如社会认可，成就感和幸福大部分的钱都花在服务上，包括许多奇特的物品（fancy goods）和最新款式的衣服。

但是随着人们收入的提高和消费指数上升，第五层次还会出现吗？还是继续停留在第四个层次上对奢侈品（luxuries）和个人服务的需求呢？

6. According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when __________
A. he has saved up enough money
B. he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter
C. he has satisfied his hunger
D. he has learned to build houses
[解析]本题是细节题，其问的问题“是在什么情况下，人们会考虑房子和衣服”，由本文中的第一段第二句When a hungry man gets a meal… view.可知答案[C]是对的。

7. It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War II, most Americans __________.
A. were very rich
B. lived in poverty
C. had the good things on the first three levels
D. did not own automobiles
[解析]本题是推理题，由本文中第二段中最后一句可知答案[D]是对的。

8. Which of the following is NOT related to "physical satisfaction"?
A. A successful career.       B. A comfortable home.
C. A good meal.            D. A family car.
[解析]本题是推理题，由本文中第二段的第三句，“物质上的满足”指的是feed in comfort, safety, and transportation，
根据推理可知答案[A]是对的。

9. What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?
A. The more goods the better.
B. The more mental satisfaction the better.
C. The more "luxury" items the better.
D. The more earnings the better.
[解析]本题是细节题，由本文中第二段的第三句后一句this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness “强调精神上的满足”由此可知答案[B]是对的。

10. The author tends to think that the fifth level __________
A. would be little better than the fourth level
B. may be a lot more desirable than the first four
C. can be the last and most satisfying level
D. will become attainable before the government takes actions
[解析]本题是细节题，由本文中最后一段的最后一句，“当前四个层次都得到满足后，人们就会需要更高层次的需求”由此可知答案[B]是对的。

Passage 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that these words and gestures can be understood in different ways.

It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the same feelings. Dogs, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably because they are born with those behavior patterns.

Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world. (80) In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like "he went pale and begin to tremble" suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock. However, "he opened his eyes wide" is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chinese "surprise" can be described in a phrase like ""they stretched out their tongues!"" Sticking out your    tongue in English is an insulting gesture or expresses strong dislike.

Even in the same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people""s faces. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do.

[文章大意及重要词汇]

   我们既用语言也用肢体语言（gestures）来表达我们的感情，但是问题是在各地人们对这些语言和动作的理解上出现差异。

无庸质疑，微笑在不同语言里都代表相同的意义，大笑或者哭也是如此。而不同的动物传达同种感情的方式，却有许多惊人的相似之处（striking similarities）。例如，人类、老虎、狗在生气时常会露出牙齿。这可能是由于他们生来具有相同的行为模式。

    害怕、恐惧作为另一种情感表达方式，在全世界表达的方式大部分都是相同的，在中国和英国的文学中，有这样的言语：“他脸色苍白，浑身颤抖”，表示他很害怕或受到很大打击。然而“他睁大了眼睛”在中文中表示的意思是生气、愤怒，在英文中意思则表示吃惊。在中国文学中描述惊讶词是用短语“吐出舌头（stretched out）”来表示，而在英文伸长舌头中则表示侮辱或强烈的厌恶。

    即使处于同种文化，人们的理解能力和表达情感的方式也有所不同。美国曾就此做过实验，结论证明女人在害怕、生气、喜欢上的敏感度要强烈于男人，其他的研究还显示老人比年轻人更加容易理解肢体语言。

11. According to the passage, __________.
A. we can hardly understand what people""s gestures mean
B. we can not often be sure what people mean when they describe their feelings in words or gestures
C. words can be better understood by older people
D. gestures can be understood by most of the people while words can not
[解析]本题是主旨题，由本文中第一段的第一句We use both words and …ways.，可知答案[B]是对的。

12. People""s facial expressions may be misunderstood because __________.
A. people of different ages may have different understanding
B. people have different cultures
C. people of different sex may understand a gesture in a different way
D. people of different countries speak different languages
[解析]本题是推理题，由本文中第三段的第二、三句，通过举例推断出了不同文化对于感情有不同的表达方式，由此可知答案[B]是对的。

13. In the same culture, __________.
A. people have different ability to understand and express feelings
B. people have the same understanding of something
C. people never fail to understand each other
D. people are equally intelligent
[解析]本题是细节题，由本文中第四段的第一句，Even in the same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings，可知答案[A]是对的。

14. From this passage, we can conclude __________.
A. words are used as frequently as gestures
B. words are often found difficult to understand
C. words and gestures are both used in expressing feelings
D. gestures are more efficiently used than words
[解析]本题是主旨题，由本文中第一段的第一句前段已点明了，可知答案[C]是对的。

15. The best title for this passage may be __________.
A. Words and Feelings
B. Words, Gestures and Feelings
C. Gestures and Feelings
D. Culture and Understanding
[解析]本题是推理题，全文一直在阐述用“话语”和“肢体语言”来表达感情，由此可知答案[B]是对的。

Part II  Vocabulary and Structure 
16. History is a record of mankind; different historians, __________, interpret it differently.
A. therefore               B. on the contrary
C. however                 D. consequently
[解析]本题是词汇题，therefore 表示因此；on the contrary表示相反 ；however表示转折consequently表示结果；
根据题意“历史是对人类发展史的纪录，然而不同的历史学家对历史的阐述也有所不同”故答案是[C]。

17. It was not until it got dark __________ working.
A. that they stopped         B. when they stopped
C. did they stop           D. that they didn""t stop

[解析]本题是语法题，it is….that….属强调句型，句意表示直到…. 才….；故答案是[A]
题意“直到天黑他们才停止工作”。

18. Before the child went to bed, the father asked him to __________ all the toys he had taken out.
A. put off                B. put up
C. put away               D. put out
[解析]本题是词汇题，考查的是动词短语的固定搭配A. put off  推迟  B. put up举起提供食宿C. put away 收拾D. put out熄灭、生产，题意要求的是收拾某东西，故选[C]。
题意“在孩子上床睡觉前，父亲让孩子把拿出来的玩具全部都收拾起来”

19. Thinking that you know __________ in fact you don""t is not a good idea.
A. what   B. That   C. When   D. which
[解析]本题是语法题，本题缺少宾语只有what可作宾语；that是引导宾语从句，不做任何成份，只是连接词。 when 是引导时间状语从句，不做任何成份，只是连接词which引导定语从句，不做任何成份，只是连接词。所以答案是[A]。
题意“想一些你实际上都不知道的东西这是很不明智的”

20."__________ does Mr. Johnson go to London on business?” “At least once a month.”
A. How many              B. How long
C. How often               D. How
[解析]本题考查数词中有关频率的问题，只有How often可以作为提问频率来用，只有答案[C]是符合的。
题意“Mr. Johnson一个月出差到伦敦几次”“至少一月一次”

21. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, __________, of course, made the others jealous.
A. who   B. what   C. that   D. which
[解析]本题是语法题，此题考查非限定性定语从句，A. who可以引导定语从句，但其前面主语必须是人 ；B. that 引导宾语从句；C. which引导定语从句；D. what引导主语从句或宾语从句。只有which能引导且代替前一句话。故答案是[D]
题意“海伦对她最小的孩子最为疼爱，这遭到其他孩子的嫉妒”

22. Evidence came up __________ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.
A. where    B. that    C. which     D. what
[解析]本题是语法题，考查宾语从句，A. where引导地点状语从句 ；B. that 引导宾语从句；C. which引导定语从句；D. what引导主语从句或宾语从句。答案中只有that能做引导宾语从句。故选 [B]

23. He __________ when the bus came to a sudden stop.
A. was almost hurt          B. was almost to hurt himself
C. was almost hurt himself   D. was almost hurting himself
[解析]本题是语法题， C表示受伤的原因和自己的行为有关；B、D分别表示某种状态即正在发生和将要发生； A. was almost hurt表示一受伤和外力有关。根据题意“当车突然停住时，他差点受伤”。答案是[A]。

24. I suppose you are not serious, __________？
A. do I    B. don""t I    C. are you    D. aren""t you
[解析]本题是语法题，此句I suppose后省略that，反疑问句的疑问部分应与that后的主语和谓语保持一致，所以答案是[C]。
题意“我想你不会太严肃，是吗”？