根据下面内容，回答题：

　　There are no inevitable outcomes of social class in child rearing. At the same time, there is no question that social class is important factor in how children are raised and the kind of adults that children become. Regarding social class, sociologists have found that parents socialize their children into the behaviors and norms of their work worlds. Members of the working class are closely super-vised and are expected to follow explicit rules at their jobs. If they do not follow the precise rules and do as they are told, they will not keep their jobs. Their experience., influences how they deal with their children. As a result, their concern is less with their children's motivations and more with their children's outward conformity. Thus they are more apt to use physical punishment in managing their children. On the other hand, middle-class parents, who are expected to take more initiative on the job, are more concerned that their children develop curiosity, self-expression, and self-control. They are also more likely to withdraw privileges or affection than to use physical punishment.

　　48The word "explicit" means ___________.

　　A.vagueB.difficultC.confusingD.clearly defined

　　参考答案：D

　　参考解析：

　　根据上下文，工人阶层的工作性质是被管理并且是遵守规则的。那么，其规则肯定是明确的。D项是正确的。

　　49According to this passage, working-class parents are more likely than middle-class parents to ___________.

　　A.use physical punishment for disciplineB.have children who finish collegeC.have children who are out of controlD.show less love to their children

　　参考答案：A

　　参考解析：

　　根据文章的说法，工人是被管理的对象，是听从别人的。所以，这也就形成了他们在管理自己的孩子时，也希望孩子只是执行自己的命令而已，比较容易动用体罚。A项是正确的。

　　50Middle-class parents will encourage their children to be ___________.

　　A.self-confidentB.reliableC.curiousD.successful

　　参考答案：C

　　参考解析：

　　文章中说，中产阶层的父母亲因为自己的工作是开创性的，因此对其子女也就比较开放，希望他们充满好奇。C项是正确的。

　　51This passage is about ___________

　　A.the relation between social class of the parents and their children's rearingB.the similarities between working class and middle class parentsC.the differences between parents of working class and the ones of middle classD.the relation wetween working class and middle class in their working places参考答案：A

　　参考解析：

　　全文说的是关于家长的社会地位与 其孩子成长的关系。文章的第一句就点明了主题。A项是正确的。

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