内容提要

　　代词分人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、关系代词和连接代词，它们在句子中承担不同的功用。

　　人称代词

　　一、主格人称代词有I，we，you，he，she，they，it，主格人称代词就是在句中充当主语和表语的代词。

　　二、宾格人称代词有me，us，you，him，her，them，it，宾格人称代词即在句中充当宾语(含介词宾语)的代词。

　　三、同步练习

　　1)Archibald Motley's artistic talent [A] was apparent [B] by the time him [C] enrolled [D] in high school.

　　2)Legends often contain an element [A] of fact，but [B] sometimes it is [C] totally [D] untrue.

　　3)Unlike [A] road vehicles，Hovercrafts have no physical [B] contact with the surface over which [C] them [D] travel.

　　4)Let you and I [A] promise that we shall always [B] dare to do [C] what is [D] right.

　　5)Most of we [A] know that conductors direct their orchestras with a baton，but how many [B] are aware that [C] they also direct with their faces，hands [D] ，and shoulders?

　　四、例题解析

　　1)C错。him是宾格，而此处却需要作主语的人称代词，故应将him改为主格he。

　　2)C错。 改为they are。C处代替的是“Legends”而不是“an element”。

　　3)D错。them也是宾格，应改用主格they，作定语从句中的主语，谓语为travel。

　　4)A错。改为me。

　　5)A错。改为宾格us，因为前面是介词of，us作其宾语，故用宾格。

　　物主代词

　　一、表示人的物主代词用my，our，your，his，her和their，指无生命的东西用its(但指国家时一般用she或her)，它们在句中作定语

　　二、名词型物主代词能作表语(It's theirs)、主语(Mine is there)、宾语(I don't like hers)，与of连用可以作定语(the food of theirs)。

　　三、同步练习

　　1)A scientist bases its [A] work on hypotheses that [B] have been checked [C] through careful [D] experimentation.

　　2)Crude rubber is an [A] elastic(有弹性的)solid with a specific gravity of 0.911 and a refractive index(折射率)of 1.591，though it [B] composition varies with different latexes(橡浆)as well as [C] with the way it is prepared [D] at the plantation.

　　3)Manufacturers [A] of consumer goods [B] often change [C] the styles of them [D] products.

　　四、例题解析

　　1)A错。改为his.

　　2)B错。改为its.

　　3)D错。改为their.

　　反身代词

　　一、反身代词有myself，ourselves，yourselves，himself，herself，themselves，itself.主语与宾语为同一人或物时，要用反身代词(否则就不能用反身代词)，反身代词也可放在名词或代词(主格)后面(也可放在句尾)起强调作用。

　　1)All [A] the scouts(童子军)got theirselves [B] ready for the [C] long camping trip by spending their weekends living [D] in the open.

　　2)Various [A] animals have shells that keep themselves [B] from growing beyond [C] a certain [D] size.

　　3)Benjamin Banneker's aptitude [A] in mathematics [B] and knowledge of astronomy enabled himself [C] to predict the solar [D] eclipse of 1789.

　　4)The president announced that he himself [A] would act upon [B] the evidence as presented [C] to himself [D] by the congressional committee.

　　5)Garrett [A] Morgan died in Cleveland，Ohio，the city that [A] had awarded himself [B] a gold medal for his devotion [C] to public [D] safety.

　　6)Plants rid them [A] of excess water through [B] transpiration，the evaporation of extra [C] moisture from their [D] leaves.

　　7)When Jonathan went [A] to Spain with his [B] sister，he bought a [C] leather coat for her and another for him [D] .

　　二、例题解析

　　1)B错。改为themselves.

　　2)B错。B处明显指代animals，而它前面的主语that却指代shells，也就是说“that”和“themselves”指的不是同一事物。由于主语与宾语不是同一物，故不能用反身代词，应改为宾格them。

　　3)C错。本句的主语为aptitude，而非Benjamin Banneker(在这里它作aptitude的定语)，而C处的代词却指上文提到的人名“Benjamin Banneker”，由于主语与宾语并非指同一人，故不能用反身代词，应改用宾格him。

　　4)D错。改为to him.动词“presented”的(逻辑)主语是“evidence”，而不是A处的“he，”所以D“himself”处与C处“presented”的主语“evidence”不一致，所以不能用反身代词。

　　5)B错。改为him.同上。

　　6)A错。此处的them指主语plants，rid是及物动词，由于主语与宾语指同一物，故应使用反身代词themselves。

　　7)D错。 改为for himself。

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