Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension(60 points)

　　Directions:There are five reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by four questions.For each question there are four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

　　Passage One

　　The dog has always been considered man’s best friend. Always noted for being particularly faithful in watching over children, he also has his place by the fireside, in the cow pasture, on the sheep range(放牧区), and beside the hunter in forest. He is easy to train, works hard, and often performs astonishing feats. And in the frozen polar regions he was once the principal motive power, before being lately displaced by the plane and helicopter.

　　Because he howls or whines in the presence of impending death, the dog was once thought to have supernatural powers and believed to be capable of seeing gods and ghosts invisible to men. Actually, the basis for these beliefs lies in the hound’s sensibility to people’s feelings and his superior hearing ability and sense of smell, which enable him to detect signs hidden from human observation. His record of saving lives is outstanding, for he often gives warning of fire and other dangers not noticed by his master.

　　The dog’s major contribution, however, has been to medical research. Both his diet and his structure are comparable to those of the human being, and so he has been the subject of countless demonstrations and experiments. Open heart surgery has been made possible largely because of the dog. But his sacrifice has repaid his own species as well by safeguarding it from rabies(狂犬病), distemper, and other diseases.

　　36.The dog has always been noted for .

　　A.protecting children

　　B.assisting shepherds

　　C.helping hunters

　　D.herding cattle

　　A 事实细节题。文章第一段第二句前半句指出，狗总是以特别忠实地照看孩子而出名。

　　37.In the polar regions, the dog mainly .

　　A.carried supplies

　　B.provided companionship

　　C.tracked prey

　　D.herded caribou(驯鹿)

　　A 事实细节题。文章第一段最后一句指出，在寒冷的极地，在飞机和直升机出现之前，狗曾是主要的动力。也就是说，人们主要用狗去驮运物品。

　　38.Dogs are similar to human beings in .

　　A.size

　　B.structure

　　C.temperament

　　D.appearance

　　B 事实细节题。文章第三段第二句前半句指出，狗的饮食和身体结构与人类很接近。

　　39.The article does not say whether the scientists’ experiments with dogs have .

　　A.benefited animals other than dogs

　　B.served man

　　C.helped other dogs

　　D.contributed to medical knowledge

　　A 事实细节题。文章最后指出，科学家们对狗的实验使狗免于犬瘟、狂犬病之类的疾病，而没有提及对其他动物有益。故选A。

　　Passage Two

　　The strange close understanding between twins is a familiar enough phenomenon. Often they seem to understand each other and share each other’s emotions to such an extent that one suspects some kind of thought communication.

　　What is not so widely known is that this special relationship often acts as brake on twins’ intellectual development. As they are partly isolated in their own private world, twins communicate less with adults than do other children. The verbal ability of a four-year old twin is typically six months behind that of a non-twin. The problem can be particularly severe in an underprivileged family, a one parent family for example, where there is little stimulation for children anyway.

　　Such children, while capable of mutual comprehension in a private language, often remain incomprehensible to outsiders and thus at a severe educational disadvantage. The only solution to the problem, cruel though it may seem, is to separate the twins thus forcing them to acquire ordinary speech helped and guided by sympathetic parents and teachers.

　　40.Many people don’t know that .

　　A.twins understand each other very well

　　B.twins are slow to learn to talk

　　C.twins are unlikely to do less well at school than other children

　　D.there exists more communication between twins

　　B 事实细节题。文章第二段指出，很多人还不知道，由于双胞胎与其他人交际少导致一对四岁的双胞胎儿童的语言能力明显落后。故选B。

　　41.What’s the reason for twins to be at a disadvantage in their intellectual development?

　　A.They can only understand their own private language.

　　B.They communicate with outsiders less than non-twins.

　　C.There is little stimulation for them.

　　D.Adults don’t like to talk with them.

　　B 事实细节题。文章第三段第一句指出，双胞胎之间交际太多，而与其他人交际过少，这使他们智力发展中存在很大的不足。

　　42.The author probably feels that twins’ problem .

　　A.can not be solved because solution is very cruel

　　B.can be solved because twins will be separated

　　C.can not be solved unless the twins are forced to live in an ordinary environment

　　D.can be solved if the adults communicate with them more often

　　C 事实细节题。文章最后一句的意思是，解决双胞胎智力发展问题的唯一方法是将双胞胎分开培养和教育。故C项符合题意。

　　43.The writer mentions all of the items listed below EXCEPT .

　　A.twins can help each other

　　B.twins share each other’s emotion

　　C.twins are able to understand each other in a private language

　　D.twins communicate less with their parents

　　A 事实细节题。作者在文中提到了双胞胎可以拥有相同的情感，互相理解，与他人交流较少，而没有提及双胞胎之间可以互相帮助。故选A。

　　Passage Three

　　Have you ever argued with your loved ones over simple misunderstandings(误解)? Little wonder. We often believe we’re more skillful in getting our point across than we actually are, according to Boza Keysar, a professor at the University of Chicago. In his recent study, speakers tried to express their meanings using unclear sentences. Speakers who thought listeners understood were wrong nearly half the time. Here’s some good advice to reduce misunderstanding:

　　(1)Don’t trust what you see from the listener. Listeners often nod, look at you or say “uhhuh” to be polite or move the conversation along. But it’s easy to consider these as signs of understanding.

　　(2)Train the editor(编辑) in your head. If you say, “Beth discusses her problems with her husband,” it’s not clear whether she’s talking to her husband or about him. Try instead, “Beth talks to her husband about her problems.” or “Beth talks to others about the problems with her husband.”

　　(3)Ask listeners to repeat your message. Introduce your request by saying “I want to be sure I said that right.” Questions like “How does that sound?” or “Does that make sense?” may also work.

　　(4)Listen well. When on the receiving end, ask questions to be sure you’re on the same page. After all, it isn’t just the speaker’s job to make his speech understood.

　　44.Why does the writer give us the advice?

　　A.We’re not skillful enough to make clear sentences.

　　B.Misunderstanding is damaging our normal lives.

　　C.Misunderstanding occurs now and then.

　　D.It’s impolite to say NO to others.

　　C 推理判断题。由第一段可知，仅仅因为误解而引起争执的情况时有发生，因而作者才给出了建议。

　　45.The writer suggests that when talking to others, the speaker should .

　　A.know that listeners will show him that they understand his words

　　B.express himself clearly even when he sees signs of understanding

　　C.notice listener’s signs of understanding

　　D.look directly into his listener’s eyes

　　B 推理判断题。由第二段可知，听者有时会有点头等行为，但有时这只是他出于礼貌或使谈话顺利进行下去的表示，而并不代表他真正理解你所说的话，所以说话者即使看到表示理解的信号时也应该清楚地表达自己的观点。

　　46.By training the editor in your head, the speakers are advised .

　　A.to get themselves trained by a good editor

　　B.to discuss problems with their husbands or wives

　　C.to express themselves in long but simple sentences

　　D.to make sure each sentence has only one meaning

　　D 推理判断题。由第三段所举的例子可知，有时一句话表达不清会有歧义，所以作者建议所讲的话应该只有一个意思，以免发生歧义。

　　47.In the last paragraph, the words “you’re on the same page” mean that .

　　A.you’re following the speaker closely

　　B.you’re reading the same page as the speaker does

　　C.you should know which page the speaker refers to

　　D.your story is written on the same page as the speaker’s

　　A 句意理解题。由此句后面一句“make his speech understood”可知，“you’re on the same page”意为“你能跟得上说话者的思路，能理解说话者的意思”。

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