Part C Translation

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the　17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. 46.With (the gap between) the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.

　　During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and　Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. 47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific　and religious minds was branded as heresy,and any such heretics that continued to spread　these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated　by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of　the heliocentric principle.

　　48. Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made,and at a rate that the people-including the Church -could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.

　　The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. 49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.

　　The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. 50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase'sapere aude'or 'dare to know', after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.

　　46.With (the gap between) the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.

　　由于文艺复兴时期教会的教义和思维方式之间的差距被消除，中世纪和现代时期之间的差距得以弥合，导致了新的和未开发的知识领域。

　　47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.

　　每个启示出现之前，当时的许多思想家都采用更为古老的思维方式，包括地心说的观点，该观点认为地球是我们宇宙的中心。

　　48. Despite attempts by the Church to sop suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists，more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that people could no longer ignore.

　　尽管教堂做出许多尝试去压制新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者，但是更多对于宇宙是如何运作的探索正在以人们难以忽视的速度进行着。

　　49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era.

　　正当很多人致力于尝试把推理和科学哲理融入到世界时，文艺复兴结束了，而此时一个新的时代到来了。

　　50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase's ‘Sapere aude’ or ’dare to know’.

　　这些探索知识并且理解已知信息的行为可以用拉丁文“Sapere aude”或英文“dare to know”描述。

　　【解析】

　　1. 本句主干为 the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged(中世纪和现代时期之间的差距得以弥合)

　　2. With (the gap between) the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance做伴随状语，其中being eclipsed是with+宾语+宾补结构的一部分。

　　3. leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories现在分词作结果状语。

　　【参考译文】

　　由于文艺复兴时期教会的教义和思维方式之间的差距被消除，中世纪和现代时期之间的差距得以弥合，导致了新的和未开发的知识领域。

　　47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.

　　【解析】

　　1. 本句主干为many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking(当时的许多思想家都采用更为古老的思维方式) ，其中 at the time作后置定语修饰many thinkers 。

　　2. Before each of their revelations部分为时间状语。

　　3. including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe，分词作后置定语修饰ways of thinking，其中that后是同位语从句修饰限定view。

　　【参考译文】在每个启示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用更为古老的思维方式，包括地心说的观点，该观点认为地球是我们宇宙的中心。

　　48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists，more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that people could no longer ignore.

　　【解析】

　　1. 本句主干为more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made(更多对于宇宙是如何运作的探索正在进行着)，其中for后面是how引导的宾语从句。

　　2. Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists

　　做方式状语，其中to suppress...作后置定语修饰attempts

　　3. that people could no longer ignore做定语从句修饰rate。

　　【参考译文】

　　尽管教堂做出许多尝试去压制新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者，但是更多对于宇宙是如何运作的探索正在以人们难以忽视的速度进行着。

　　49) As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for an Age of Reason.

　　【解析】

　　1. 本句主干为the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era. (文艺复兴结束了，而此时一个新的时代到来了)，是两个并列单句。

　　2. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world为时间状语从句，as译为“当.......什么时候”

　　(1) took on the duty，意思为“承担责任”

　　(2) of后是介宾短语作后置定语修饰duty。

　　【参考译文】

　　正当很多人致力于尝试把推理和科学哲理融入到世界时，文艺复兴结束了，而此时一个新的理性时代到来了。

　　50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase's‘Sapere aude’or‘dare to know’.

　　【解析】

　　1. 本句是一简单句，主干的谓语动词是were captured

　　2. to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew 部分是不定式作后置定语，修饰such actions，其中what information we already knew是 understand 的宾语从句。

　　【参考译文】

　　试图去寻求知识和理解我们已有信息这种行动由拉丁文词语 ‘Sapere aude’ 或 ‘dare to know’来描述。

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