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Section I Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　It's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, _____(1), to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. _____(2)one and the others become distorted.

　　Travel on a London bus and you'll _____(3)see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to _____(4)that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are _____(5). How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.

　　Why? Because the target is _____(6).People complained that buses were late and infrequent. _____(7), the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were _____(8)or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they _____(9)hit cyclists. If the target was changed to _____(10),you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more _____(11)drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.

　　There is another _____(12)people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you _____(13)that you can leave on a flight but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a _____(14)is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now ballad as a two-hour flight.

　　The _____(15)of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well _____(16)others. Everything Can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a _____(17). Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.

　　This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria _____(18)critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to _____(19)just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better _____(20)the objective.

　　1.A.therefore　B.however　C.again　D.moreover

　　2.A.Emphasize　B.Identify　C.Assess　D.Explain

　　3.A.nearly　B.curiously　C.eagerly　D.quickly

　　4.A.claim　B.prove　C.cheek　D.recall

　　5.A.threatened　B.ignored　C.mocked　D.blamed

　　6.A.punctuality　B.hospitality　C.competition　D.innovation

　　7.A.Yet　B.So　C.Besides　D.Still

　　8.A.hired　B.trained　C.rewarded　D.grouped

　　9.A.only　B.rather　C.once　D.also

　　10.A.comfort　B.revenue　C.efficiency　D.security

　　11.A.friendly　B.quiet　C.cautious　D.diligent

　　12.A.purpose　B.problem　C.prejudice　D.policy

　　13.A.interesting　B.revealed　C.admitted　D.noticed

　　14.A.break     B.trip　C.departure　D.transfer

　　15.A.moral　B.background　C.style　D.form

　　16.A.interpret　B.criticize　C.sacrifice　D.tolerate

　　17.A.task　B.secret　C.product　D.cost

　　18.A.leading to　B.calling for　C.relating to　D.accounting for

　　19.A.specify　B.predict　C.restore　D.create

　　20.A.modify　B.review　C.present　D.achieve

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