Section III Translation

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.

　　(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.

　　Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol

　　(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.

　　David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.

　　If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.

　　(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.

　　The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.

　　(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.

　　参考译文：但是，尽管使用英语者的人数在不断增加/说英语的人越来越多，却仍然有迹象表明，英语语言的全球主导地位在不久的将来/可预见的未来也许会慢慢衰退。

　　句子解析：本句很简单，主句是there be 结构，主句前是让步状语，signs后面是that引导的同位语从句，对signs进行进一步的补充说明。同位语从句中是主谓结构，the global predominance of the language 是主语，may fade 是谓语，within结构是时间状语。expands的词义不应该选择常用的“扩展”意思，而应该结合前面和它搭配的number，而选择“增加”的意思。

　　(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.

　　参考译文：因此，大卫格兰多的分析可能会终结某些人的自满态度，这些人认为，英语在全世界的地位十分稳固，英国的年轻一代人根本不需要学习其他的语言。

　　句子解析：此句为复合句，who之前是主句，结构是主谓宾，His analysis是主语，he指代的是前面的大卫，end是核心谓语动词，any self-contentedness是宾语，among those是状语，who引导定语从句修饰those，定语从句中who做主语，believe是谓语，that引导宾语从句做believe的宾语，宾语从句中global position of English是主语，后面是系表结构，that引导结果状语从句，结果状从中是主谓宾结构。词汇部分，self-contentedness可能是难点，意思是“自满，自大”，因为contend是满意的意思，additional在考研英语翻译中常用的译法是“新的，另外的”，此处翻译可采用词性转换。还有who引导的定语从句的处理方法，可以重复先行词“那些人”，采用后置法。

　　(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.

　　参考译文：很多国家正在把英语列入小学课程范围，但是英国的中小学生似乎并没有受到更多的鼓励去流利地掌握其他语言。

　　句子解析：此句是but连接的并列复合句，前半句是主谓宾加状语的结构，很简单，后半句也是主谓宾结构，British schoolchildren and students是主语，do not appear to be gaining是复合谓语，greater encouragement是宾语，to achieve fluency in other languages是不定式短语做encouragement的后置定语。Curriculum是课程的意思，fluency是流利，流畅的意思。

　　(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.

　　参考译文：大卫.格兰多指出的这些变化给英国的英语教学工作者提出了明确的和巨大的挑战，这些英语教学工作是面向其他国家的人和更为广泛的商业教育机构的。

　　句子解析：此句是简单句，修饰成分较多，稍有些复杂，The changes是主语，identified by David Graddol是过去分词短语做后置定语修饰changes，identified可以理解为“发现，指出”， present是谓语动词， 是“体现，表现”的意思，clear and major challenges是宾语，to UK`s providers of English language teaching是介词短语做后置定语修饰challenges，providers 本意是供应商，此处可以理解为“英语教学工作者”，to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.是后置定语修饰English language teaching。

　　50. It gives a basis to all organizations which seek to promote the learning and use of English, a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.

　　参考译文：这一研究为所有试图促进英语学习和使用的机构提供了一个依据，这一依据是为了满足可能会出现不同操作情况/运行环境的可能性的。

　　句子解析：主句是主谓宾加状语结构，it是代词指代，指代前文的study，basis应该理解为“依据”，which引导定语从句修饰organizations，翻译时可以采用前置法，定语从句中which做主语，seek to promote是谓语动词，the learning and use of English是宾语，a basis是前面主句宾语basis的同位语，for planning to meet the possibilities介词短语做后置定语修饰basis，of what could be a very different operating environment介词短语做后置定语修饰possibilities。

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