新东方名师：2006年考研英语阅读7选5真题巧解

　　1. 代词

　　英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。

　　例题：...The new design was well received by the reception staff of the hotel chain._________ 
正确选项句子为：They all believe that its introduction has led to a modern , more professional corporate image and greater confidence among them.
例题分析：选项中的they是一个复数人数主格代词，对应空格前句中的staff。staff是一个集合名词（全体员工），是个复数概念。代词中有一类叫不定代词，常见的有：one, everyone, everybody, each, both, all, many, these, this等，特别要注意它们所指代的名词概念的单复数性质，考生如果对此比较敏感，对解题有很大的帮助。

例题：It is important, therefore, that we should know what people using our stores want of us.__________ During the past two years, we have been working hard to improve the standard of our products in both these areas.
正确选项句子为：Research commissioned by the company shows that, above all else, customers expect fashion and value.
　　例题分析：空格后的句末in both these areas中both这个不定代词提示考生空格中一定出现两个并列的名词概念，即fashion and value。当然该题也可通过同义词对应解题：选项中的expect对应空格前的want,表"需求"。

　　2. 同义词/近义词

　　英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。

　　例题：Laura Ashley made a fortune by looking back to past centuries, searching for old designs to decorate a variety of clothes and household furnishings. _____.
正确的选项是：These traditional products created a huge wave of demand from the States and elsewhere.
例题分析：空格前句中的old和选项中的traditional是近义词，是很明显的同义对应关系。
例题：A Norwegian company, Cortex, has patented a cork, made from man-made materials which it claims is superior to the real thing. ________.
　　正确的选项是：I hope to be making 200million of its synthetic corks a year by the end of the decade.
例题分析：选项中的synthetic，是"人工合成的、人造的"，是前句中man-made的同义词。笔者特别查阅了高等教育出版社出的《大学英语教学大纲词汇表》，synthetic是个四级词汇，但在新东方的BEC和考研阅读课上，笔者竟惊讶地发现很多大学生朋友是不认识这个低层词汇的。在此，不得不提醒广大考生：对大纲词汇全面而熟练的掌握是高效解答这种题型的根本保证。
有的时候，如果选项中出现空格前后句里相同的词汇，尤其是实词（特别是名词），这往往是很好的提示。这就是所谓的同词重复现象。

　　例题：These days, Dan Baird runs Front Line Developments, his own computer games business, and has just sold his latest game to the American software giant. _______."The computer game is now a totally accepted means of entertainment", she says. 
　　正确的选项是：She thinks that a lot of people feel that computer games are just a passing fad, but her view is that they are not.
　　例题分析：空格前后句都出现了computer game，在读选项的时候很容易注意到这个同词重复的解题线索。

　　3. 上下义词/同一范畴词

　　什么是上下义词和同一范畴词？举个例子读者就明白了。Fruit和apple之间就是上下义词，因为前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。Apple和orange之间则是同一范畴的关系，都属于fruit。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。

　　例题：A recently study by American management institute shows that the processing of documents takes up 60% of office works'time, 40% of labor costs and up to 10% of business income. ______.
正确的选项是：These figures are hardly surprising since documents convey nine-tenths of all information.
例题分析：选项中的these figures 提示我们前句一定出现了大于等于三个数字，figure/number/ data等都是表示"数字、数据"的意思，空格前面出现了三个百分数，属于数字的一种，是上下义词的关系。

　　例题：Certain key products have been subject to a thorough review, most notably menswear, where significant advances have been made in product design and manufacture. ____________.All of these have reported an increase in market share.
　　正确的选项是：Other areas where product innovation has been particularly effective are in lingerie, gifts and homeware.
　　例题分析：空格后句开头的all of these 提示我们空格里面肯定出现大于等于三个并列的名词概念，正是选项中的lingerie（女士内衣）, gifts（礼品）and homeware（家居用品），这三个名词与前句中的menswear(男士服装)属于同一范畴类的事物，都是百货商店中的常见商品类别。从这道例题我们还能得出这样一个有用的结论：很多题目的衔接可能不止一个，我们可以从不同的角度来解题或对答案进行验证。