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¡¡¡¡Directions£ºYou are going to read a list of headings and a text about explorations into maple lores. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A£­F for each numbered paragraph £¨41£­45£©¡£ The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. £¨10 points£©

¡¡¡¡[A] The influence of maples on the Canadian culture.

¡¡¡¡[B] The token of maples in Canada.

¡¡¡¡[C] Contemplation of global distribution of maples.

¡¡¡¡[D] The triumph of Nokomis over the devils with the help of maples.

¡¡¡¡[E] The popularity of the maple in a favorite myth.

¡¡¡¡[F] The maple signals the approach of fall.

¡¡¡¡The maple smoke of autumn bonfires is incense to Canadians. Bestowing perfume for the nose£¬ color for the eye£¬ sweetness for the spring tongue£¬ the sugar maple prompts this sharing of a favorite myth and original etymology of the word maple.

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¡¡¡¡The maple looms large in Ojibwa folk tales. The time of year for sugaringª²off is¡°in the Maple Moon.¡±Among Ojibwa£¬ the primordial female figure is Nokomis£¬ a wise grandmother. In one tale about seasonal change£¬ cannibal wendigos-creatures of evil¡ªchased old Nokomis through the autumn countryside. Wendigos throve in icy cold. When they entered the bodies of humans£¬ the human heart froze solid. Here wendigos represent oncoming winter. They were hunting to kill and eat poor Nokomis£¬ the warm embodiment of female fecundity who£¬ like the summer£¬ has grown old.

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¡¡¡¡Knowing this was a pursuit to the death£¬ Nokomis outsmarted the cold devils. She hid in a stand of maple trees£¬ all red and orange and deep yellow. This maple grove grew beside a waterfall whose mist blurred the trees¡®outline. As they peered through the mist£¬ slavering wendigos thought they saw a raging fire in which their prey was burning. But it was only old Nokomis being hidden by the bright red leaves of her friends£¬ the maples. And so£¬ drooling ice and huffing frost£¬ the wendigos left her and sought easier prey. For their service in saving the earth mother¡¯s life£¬ these maples were given a special gift£º their water of life would be forever sweet£¬ and Canadians would tap it for nourishment.

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¡¡¡¡Maple and its syrup flow sweetly into Canadian humor. Quebeckers have the standard sirop d¡®erable for maple syrup£¬ but add a feisty insult to label imitation syrups that are thick with glucose glop. They call this sugary imposter sirop de Poteau¡°telephoneª²pole syrup¡±or dead tree syrup.

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¡¡¡¡The contention that maple syrup is unique to North America is suspect£¬ I believe. China has close to 10 species of maple£¬ more than any country in the world. Canada has 10 native species. North America does happen to be home to the sugar maple£¬ the species that produces the sweetest sap and the most abundant flow. But are we to believe that in thousands of years of Chinese history£¬ these inventive people never tapped a maple to taste its sap£¿ I speculate that they did. Could Proto-Americas who crossed the Bering land bridge to populate the Americas have brought with them a knowledge of maple syrup£¿ Is there a very old Chinese phrase for maple syrup£¿ Is maple syrup mentioned in Chinese literature£¿ For a non-reader of Chinese£¬ such questions are daunting but not impossible to answer.

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¡¡¡¡What is certain is the maple¡®s holdfast on our national imagination. Its leaf was adopted as an emblem in New France as early as 1700£¬ and in English Canada by the mid-19th century. In the fall of 1867£¬ a Toronto schoolteacher named Alexander Muir was traipsing a street at the city£¬ all squelchy underfoot from the soft felt of falling leaves£¬ when a maple leaf alighted to his coat sleeve and stuck there. At home that evening£¬ he wrote a poem and set it to music£¬ in celebration of Canada¡¯s Confederation. Muir¡®s song£¬¡°The Maple Leaf Forever£¬¡±was wildly popular and helped fasten the symbol firmly to Canada.

¡¡¡¡The word¡°maple¡±is from¡°mapeltreow¡±£¬ the Old English term for maple tree£¬ with¡°mapl¡±¡ªas its Protoª²Germanic root£¬ a compound in which the first¡°m¡±¡ªis£¬ I believe£¬ the nearly worldwide¡°ma¡±£¬ one of the first human sounds£¬ the pursing of a baby¡®s lips as it prepares to suck milk from mother¡¯s breast. The¡°ma¡±root gives rise in many world languages to thousands of words like¡°mama¡±£¬¡°mammary¡±£¬¡°maia¡±£¬ and¡°Amazon.¡±Here it would make¡°maplª²¡±mean¡°nourishing mother tree£¬¡±that is£¬ tree whose maple sap in nourishing. The second part of the compound£¬¡°aplª²¡±£¬ is a variant of Indoª²European able¡°fruit of any tree¡±and the origin of another English fruit word£¬ apple. So the primitive analogy compares the liquid sap with another nourishing liquid£¬ mother¡®s milk.