2010考研英语模拟题及详解(知识运用部分汇编)

　　四、英国的饮食与健康

　　A recent parliamentary report blames the government and the food industry for the growth in obesity. The Department of Transport is blamed for not doing enough to__1__facilities for pedestrians and cyclists while__2__ to pressure from motoring organizations representing car users. The Ministry of Education is__3__of selling off school playing fields and not doing enough to__4__adequate facilities for physical education and games. Young people in Britain have become crazy about football (soccer and rugby), but too often as__5__ “couch potatoes” .

　　The food industry is blamed for promoting junk food to school children and not doing enough to__6__down on sugar, fats and salt in prepared foods. The industry,__7__by the current popularity of the Atkins low-carbohydrate diet, has begun to __8__, but it is trying to protect a huge market and will need to do__9__more if it is to__10__off increased regulation.

　　Japan seems less__11__so far by the problem of obesity,__12__ as the Japanese diet becomes increasingly__13__ (burgers and doughnuts) the problem will grow. __14__, Japanese cuisine has become highly popular in Britain. It is seen as healthy in a different way from the Mediterranean diet__15__its emphasis on tomatoes and olive oil combined with red wine.

　　A fairly small amount of red wine is now__16__as beneficial to the heart,__17__its other encouraging properties. But Britain has to do more to__18__the problems of alcoholism__19__with the binge-drinking culture — including violence and vandalism. Limited consumption of alcohol, as long as it is not__20__with driving, is harmless and possibly beneficial.

　　1. [A] stimulate [B] commend [C] promote [D] elevate

　　2. [A] submitting [B] subjecting [C] subordinating [D] surrendering

　　3. [A] charged [B] denounced [C] scolded [D] accused

　　4. [A] assure [B] ensure [C] secure [D] guard

　　5. [A] speculating [B] spectating [C] specializing [D] sightseeing

　　6. [A] fall [B] get [C] cut [D] bring

　　7. [A] stung [B] bitten [C] chewed [D] licked

　　8. [A] retort [B] refute [C] respond [D] resolve

　　9. [A] abundantly [B] considerably [C] extensively [D] principally

　　10. [A] defend [B] beat [C] hold [D] ward

　　11. [A] upset [B] affected [C] effected [D] impressed

　　12. [A] or [B] for [C] but [D] if

　　13. [A] popularized [B] globalized [C] westernized [D] localized

　　14. [A] Accordingly[B] Interestingly [C] Surprisingly [D] Strikingly

　　15. [A] as [B] on [C] but [D] with

　　16. [A] accepted [B] approved [C] assumed [D] acknowledged

　　17. [A] but for [B] let alone [C] regardless of [D] much less

　　18. [A] cope [B] challenge [C] tackle [D] undertake

　　19. [A] matched [B] related [C] united [D] associated

　　20. [A] bonded [B] combined [C] merged [D] incorporated

　　答案

　　1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D

　　11.B 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.A 17. B 18.C 19.D 20.B

　　总体分析

　　本文主要介绍了英国饮食存在的问题。第一至二段指出，英国政府和食品工业被指责导致肥胖患者的增多。第三段指出，一方面日本饮食因日益西化，肥胖问题变得严重;另一方面，日本饮食在英国很流行，被视为健康饮食。第四段指出适度饮酒对身体有益，但英国要应付的是与过度引酒相关的问题。

　　全文翻译

　　一份最近的议会报告指责政府和食品工业导致肥胖患者增多。交通部门被指责在促进步行和骑车设施的发展方面做得不够，而且屈从于代表汽车使用者的机动车组织的压力。教育部被指责出卖学校的操场，在保证提供用于体育教学和游戏的充足设施方面做得不够。英国的年轻人为足球和橄榄球而疯狂，但更多的只是坐在家里看电视的“沙发土豆”。

　　食品工业被指控向学生兜售垃圾食品，在减少熟食中糖、脂肪和盐含量方面做得不够。受到目前艾特金斯低碳水化合物饮食潮流的刺激，食品工业已经有所反应，但是它要努力保护一个庞大的市场，而且如果要避开日益增多的规定，它需要做的事情还很多。

　　迄今为止，日本看上去受肥胖问题的影响较小，但是随着日本人食谱的日益西化(夹饼和油炸圈饼)，问题会变得严重。有趣的是，日式烹饪在英国很流行。它被看作是有别于地中海饮食的另一种健康饮食，后者着重于西红柿和橄榄油以及与之相结合的红酒。

　　稍饮红酒现在被认为有利于心脏，更不用说红酒其它令人振奋的品性。但是英国人还需要做许多事情来解决与狂饮文化有关的酗酒问题——包括暴力和破坏行为。有节制的酒类消费，只要不和驾驶行为搭伴，就是无害的并可能是有益的。