Part B

　　一、文章体裁结构分析

　　本文为说明文。文章开始提出用水危机的现象，分析了造成用水危机的各种原因，如灌溉系统老化漏水，农民由于水价低浪费用水等，最后从不同角度分析了解决方案，如循环利用水，利用经济作物产生的效益来修整灌溉设备等。

　　二、试题简析

　　41.【答案】[F]

　　【简析】题目对应信息在第一段最后一句，“The world is facing not so much a food crisis as a water crisis...”。意思是与其说世界面临的是食物危机不如说是用水危机。“Not so much...as...”比较结构，意思是“与其说……不如说……”。因此干扰项[G]要排除。

　　42.【答案】[E]

　　【简析】题目对应信息在第二段第五、六句，“But governments rarely charge farmers a market price for water. So they are usually more wasteful than other consumers…”大意是，“政府很少按市场价向农民收水费，所以农民通常比其他消费者更浪费水。因此水价低造成了农民浪费水多。”干扰项[B]中leaking irrigation system漏水的灌溉系统只是表象，根本原因是水价低。如果水价高，农民为了省钱也会想办法解决这些水浪费问题的。

　　43.【答案】[A]

　　【简析】题目对应信息分别在第四段最后一句和第五段首句，“Investment in drip irrigation...could bring huge savings”意思是“投资滴灌或修复最严重的漏水会带来巨大的节水效益”。Farmers in poor countries can usually afford such things only if they are growing cash crops，这句话里的such things就是上一句中相关的新灌溉设备和修理费用。因此应该是种植经济作物来补贴这笔改造费用。

　　44.【答案】[C]

　　【简析】题目对应信息在第五段最后一句，“Likewise, pumping water into natural aquifers for seasonal storage tends to be much cheaper than building a big dam, and prevents the great waste of water through evaporation”大意是“将水抽到自然蓄水层比建水坝便宜得多，并能防止大量蒸发造成的浪费”。因此建水坝效果差是因为费用和效率问题。

　　45.【答案】[D]

　　【简析】题目对应信息在倒数第二段第二句，“Some have designed algorithms that use satellite data on surface temperatures to calculate the rate at which plants are absorbing and evaporating water”大意是“一些农学家设计了一些算法，利用地表温度卫星数据来计算植物吸收和蒸发水分的速度”。题干中water use rate of plants“植物对水的利用速度”就是概括了原文“the rate...evaporating water”“植物吸收和蒸发水速度”的说法。

　　Part C

　　46.【参考译文】

　　任何广告的目的都是说服客户，使他们相信按广告商的推荐来采取行动对他们最为有利。这个行动可以是购买某种产品或使用某种服务。

　　作为一项产业，广告业在美国发展得最快，美国也是将广告业运用到了极致的国家。1980年美国广告业的花费就已经超过了550亿美元，也就是国民生产总值的2%左右。

　　广告通过批量销售为生产厂家节省开支，同时也使消费者受益。节省下来的开支的一部分让利给了消费者，因此，主要通过广告销售的产品的成本，通常比营销人员直接卖出的产品便宜得多。广告也能将刚刚上市的产品信息直接传达给消费者。最后，广告费还用于支付电视和广播里商业性节目的费用，以及大约2/3的报刊出版费用。

　　【分句解析】

　　第一段：①是复合句，为主系表结构：“The objective…is to convince people…”，that引导的从句作convince的宾语，在这个宾语从句中又包含了一个定语从句the advertiser is recommending修饰名词action。objective意为“目的”，convince“使……相信”，in one's best interest意思是“为了……的利益”，take action意为“采取行动”。②主系表结构，表语由两个并列不定式短语构成：to purchase a product和use a service，第二个不定式符号to省略了。

　　第二段：①the country that uses it to the greatest extent是United States的同位语从句。advertising as a business意思是“广告业作为一项产业”，to the greatest extent是一词组，意为“在最大程度上”。②expenditure的意思是“支出，花费”，exceed意为“超过”，gross national product“国民生产总值”。值得注意的是数字55 billion应该理解成550亿，因为1 billion是10亿，很容易翻译错。

　　第三段：①主从复合句：while引导从句表示“在……的同时”，economics在该句中不能理解成“经济学”，而是“经济实惠”。mass selling“批量销售”。②主从复合句：so that引导一结果状语从句，该状语从句中又含有一个比较从句，框架为“…so that the cost…is usually far less than one…”。one指代product，两个“sold(primarily)through…”是过去分词短语作后置定语，分别修饰product和one。“pass along to…”意为“传给……”。“far less than…”意为“比……少得多”。③复合句。其中that have just come on the market“刚刚上市”是定语从句，修饰products。immediate应该理解成“直接的”而不是“立即的”。immediate news about products“有关产品的直接信息”。④虽然是一简单句，但宾语包含多个并列成分：谓语动词pays for“支付”接两个并列宾语“…pays for the programs…and for about two thirds of the cost…”。on commercial television and radio并列，作programs的定语，“电视广播里的商业性节目”。the cost of publishing magazines and newspapers“出版报刊的费用”。

　　Section III Writing

　　Part A

　　47

　　Dear Jane,

　　I am going to have a dinner party at my house on July 14, 2007 to celebrate my mother’s 60 year- -old birthday.

　　The party will start at seven o’clock in the evening. There will be a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some popular and classical songs at first. At around eight o’clock, we will start our dinner, during which we can talk and laugh together. And then all the friends will take some photos together.

　　I know you have been busy these days, but I do hope you can make it. My family and I look forward to the pleasure of your company.

　　Yours affectionately,

　　Li Ming

　　Part B

　　48. 本题为表格题，比较的是中美大学生三大经济来源的比重。描述部分，针对这三个方面，统一按照比例描述。分析部分，可以分析这种差异的原因，如经济教育方式不同、奖学金机会和数量不同等。最后可以提出建议，如建议中国大学生经济上更独立、大学设立更多奖学金等。

　　【参考范文】

　　As is illustrated in the table, the financial sources of the American students differ from those of their Chinese counterparts. 50% of the American students' finance is from their parents, 35% from part-time jobs, and 15% from scholarships. By striking contrast, Chinese students rely heavily on their parents, with only 5% from part-time jobs and another 5% from scholarships.

　　To my best knowledge, several factors can be identified to account for this difference. In the first place, American children start working part-time as early as their childhood, and it comes natural that they partly finance their college education this way. In contrast, Chinese parents tend to offer financial support for their children all along, and their children may have no financial pressure. In the second, American universities and other organizations offer more and higher scholarships than the Chinese ones.

　　To my best understanding, Chinese college students are supposed to be more financially independent, by taking part-time jobs, etc. It is also critical that Chinese colleges raise more funds for scholarship that can cover a wider proportion of students. Only by these measures, can Chinese college students be better prepared for future work and life, financially and psychologically.(196 words)