2012考研《英语》基础阶段模拟试题及详解（2）

　　1.本试卷考试时间150分钟，满分100分。

　　2.试卷后面附有参考答案，供学员测试后核对。

　　Section I Structure and Vocabulary

　　In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice on the answer sheet. (20 points)

　　1. A variety of small clubs can provide _____ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics.

　　[A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple

　　2. By turning this knob to the right you can _____ the sound from this radio.

　　[A] amplify [B] enlarge [C] magnify [D] reinforce

　　3. Under the _____ confronting them it was impossible to continue the strike any longer.

　　[A] surroundings [B] settings [C] circumstances [D] environments

　　4. We have the system of exploitation of man by man.

　　[A] cancelled [B] abolished [C] refused [D] rejected

　　5. We shall probably never be able to _____ the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.

　　[A] assert [B] impart [C] ascertain [D] notify

　　6. This diploma _____ that you have completed high school.

　　[A] proves [B] certifies [C] secures [D] approves

　　7. Up until that time, his interest had focused almost _____ on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft.

　　[A] restrictively [B] radically [C] inclusively [D] exclusively

　　8. That sound doesn’t _____ in his language so it’s difficult for him to pronounce.

　　[A] happen [B] take place [C] occur [D] run

　　9. The security guard _____ two men who were yelling in the courtroom.

　　[A] expelled [B] propelled [C] repelled [D] dispelled

　　10. In most cases politicians are _____ as they seldom tell the truth.

　　[A] credible [B] credulous [C] incredulous [D] incredible

　　11. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable _____.

　　[A] future [B] possibility [C] ability [D] opportunity

　　12. Britain has the highest _____ of road traffic in the world—over 60 cars for every mile of road.

　　[A] density [B] intensity [C] popularity [D] prosperity

　　13. CCTV programs are _____ by satellite to the remotest areas in the country.

　　[A] transferred [B] transported [C] transformed [D] transmitted

　　14. An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget _____.

　　[A] disposition [B] deficit [C] defect [D] discrepancy

　　15. The government will _____ a reform in the educational system.

　　[A] initiate [B] initial [C] initiative [D] intimate

　　16. Estimates _____ anywhere from 600 000 to 3 million. Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another mater: that the number of the homeless is increasing. One of the federal government’s studies predicts that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.

　　[A] cover [B] change [C] differ [D] range

　　17. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage _____ increasing.

　　[A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty

　　18. It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic _____ is the function of the particular space. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and too few entries and exits will not work for its purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be decorated.

　　[A] care [B] concern [C] attention [D] intention

　　19. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious. The new experiments, such as those _____ for the first time at a recent meeting or the society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep.

　　[A] maintained [B] described [C] settled [D] afforded

　　20. Changes in the social structure may indirectly _____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.

　　[A] affect [B] reduce [C] check [D] reflect

　　Section II Use of English

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

　　Health implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional well-being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally 21 person in good physical condition is not 22 healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do 23 how a person copes with the world as s/he exists. Many of the factors that 24 physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being.

　　Having a good self-image means that people have positive 25 pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable 26 , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are 27 like others. Having a good self-image is based 28 a realistic, as well as positive, or optimistic 29 of one’s own worth and value and capabilities.

　　Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful 30 of our society. People of all ages 31 stress. Children begin to 32 stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing 33 in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to 34 academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals 35 to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 36 another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual’s physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected.

　　Satisfying social relations are vital to 37 mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to 38 , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 39 the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of 40 conflicts in a constructive way.

　　21. [A] unstable [B] unsure [C] imprecise [D] impractical

　　22. [A] normally [B] generally [C] virtually [D] necessarily

　　23. [A] on [B] at [C] to [D] with

　　24. [A] signify [B] influence [C] predict [D] mark

　　25. [A] intellectual [B] sensual [C] spiritual [D] mental

　　26. [A] to be doing [B] with doing [C] to do [D] of doing

　　27. [A] able better to [B] able to better [C] better to able [D] better able to

　　28. [A] on [B] from [C] at [D] about

　　29. [A] assessment [B] decision [C] determination [D] assistance

　　30. [A] ideality [B] realization [C] realism [D] reality

　　31. [A] occur [B] engage [C] confront [D] encounter

　　32. [A] tolerate [B] sustain [C] experience [D] undertake

　　33. [A] evidence [B] accidents [C] adventures [D] events

　　34. [A] acquire [B] achieve [C] obtain [D] fulfill

　　35. [A] respond [B] return [C] retort [D] reply

　　36. [A] why [B] when [C] while [D] where

　　37. [A] sound [B] all-round [C] entire [D] whole

　　38. [A] illuminate [B] enunciate [C] enumerate [D] initiate

　　39. [A] access [B] assess [C] process [D] possess

　　40. [A] resolving [B] saluting [C] dissolving [D] solving

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