Unit one

　　Text 1

　　There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists.” And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people’s work, to begin it and judge it.

　　The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained” man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist -- and especially the administrator -- deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.

　　Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you -- but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.

　　26. There is an increasing demand for ________.

　　[A] all round people in their own fields

　　[B] people whose job is to organize other people’s work

　　[C] generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional(B)

　　[D] specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others

　　27. The specialist is ________.

　　[A] a man whose job is to train other people

　　[B] a man who has been trained in more than one fields

　　[C] a man who can see the forest rather than the trees(D)

　　[D] a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters

　　28. The administrator is ________.

　　[A] a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalist

　　[B] a man who sees the trees as well as the forest

　　[C] a man who is very strong in the humanities(C)

　　[D] a man who is an “educated” specialist

　　29. During your training period, it is important ________.

　　[A] to try to be a generalist

　　[B] to choose a profitable job

　　[C] to find an organization which fits you(D)

　　[D] to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist

　　30. A man’s first job ________.

　　[A] is never the right job for him

　　[B] should not be regarded as his final job

　　[C] should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job(B)

　　[D] is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job