Text 2

　　Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Rome’s main avenues. Italy’s political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome.

　　Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had come to the capital from all over Italy to demonstrate for “a job for each of us, a different type of job, and a society without violence.” So far, action to improve women’s opportunities in employment has been the province of collective industrial bargaining. “But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,” says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.

　　Women, who constitute 52 per cent of Italy’s population, today represent only 35 per cent of Italy’s total workforce and 33 per cent of the total number of Italians with jobs. However, their presence in the workplace is growing. The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace. Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides in self-employment. More and more women are going into business for themselves. Many young women are turning to business because of the growing overall in employment. It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or a woman.

　　Such changes are occurring in the professions too. The number of women doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers and university professors increased two to three fold. Some of the changes are immediately visible. For example, women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police, railway workers and street cleaner.

　　However, the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made. A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.

　　19. The expression “snake through central Rome” probably means “to move ________

　　[A] quietly through central Rome.”

　　[B] violently through central Rome.”

　　[C] in a long winding line through central Rome.”(C)

　　[D] at a leisurely pace through central Rome.”

　　20. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　[A] There are more women than men in Italy.

　　[B] In Italy, women are chiefly employed in services.

　　[C] In Italy, women are still at a disadvantage in employment.(B)

　　[D] In Italy, about two-thirds of the jobs are held by men.

　　21. About 200,000 women in Rome demonstrated for ________.

　　[A] more job opportunities

　　[B] a greater variety of jobs

　　[C] “equal job, equal pay”(D)

　　[D] both A and B

　　22. The best title for this passage would be ________.

　　[A] The Role of Women is Society

　　[B] Women Demonstrate for Equality in Employment

　　[C] Women as Self-employed Professionals(B)

　　[D] Women and the Jobs Market