53. Other identifiable causes of offensive actsinclude frustration or failure in school, the increasedavailability of drugs and alcohol, and the growingincidence of child abuse and child neglect.

　　54. Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual andemotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence thatcomes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others.

　　55. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.

　　56. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult barely visible in the background.

　　57. A variety of activities should be organized sothat participants can remain active as long as theywant and then go on to something else withoutfeeling guilty and without letting the otherparticipants down.

　　58. On the contrary, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning forroles that are within their capabilities and their attention spans and by having clearly statedrules.

　　59. That whispered message, half invitation and halfforcing, is what most of us think of when we hearthe words peer pressure.

　　60. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also bea positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials usethe power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.

　　61. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilizepeer pressure for healthy habits, and theydemonstrate a seriously flawed understanding ofpsychology.

　　62. "Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducingsmoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in.

　　63. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-healthadvocates ought to take a page from advertisers, soskilled at applying peer pressure.

　　64. Join the club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of thesocial and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.

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