(九)

　　1. Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts.

　　参考译文：其他领域的研究也有助于对此的理解：心理学和伦理学试图解释目标 是如何形成的，历史记录着人们所追求的目标的变化，社会学则从社会环境的 角度来解释人们的行为。

　　2. The first, price theory or microeconomics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes.

　　参考译文：第一个领域，价格理论或微观经济学，解释在竞争的市场中供需间的 相互作用是怎样导致了大量的个别价格、工资率、利润空间和租金的变化。

　　3. Because, according to Keynes, inadequate total demand increases unemployment, the indicated cure is either more investment by businesses or more spending and consequently larger budget deficits by government.

　　参考译文：因为，按照凯恩斯的理论，不充分的总体需求会增加失业，建议的解 决方式是企业扩大投资或政府增加开支，继而增加预算赤字。

　　(十)

　　1. In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor.

　　参考译文：十九世纪八十年代的美国是一个贫富分化极为分明的国家。

　　2. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.

　　参考译文：给我们留下极深印象的事实是：即使那些没有被告知严重病情的病人，对其 疾病的潜在后果也是非常清楚的。

　　3. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another.

　　参考译文：即使是很老到的作家也很可能不能描述出区分人脸的全部特征。

　　(十一)

　　1. Long after the 1998 world cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing(裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team.

　　参考译文：1988年世界杯足球赛早已尘埃落定,但失望的球迷们仍在责骂那些颇有争议 的判罚,声称正是那些判罚使他们的球队没能获胜。

　　2. But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.

　　参考译文：但是穷人们在没有政府救济的情况下，生活照样过得很好，对很多人来说， 这一事实本身就是一个巨大的胜利。

　　3. During the Middle Ages the economic ideas of the Roman Catholic church were expressed in the law of the church, which condemned the taking of interest for money loaned and regarded commerce as inferior to agriculture.

　　参考译文：在中世纪，罗马天主教会的经济学思想表达在其教法中，教法谴责从 借贷中获利的行为，并认为商业地位劣于农业。