2005年考研英语Part B 部分超精读分析

Part B  参考答案 ECGFB

Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial government), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, to reduce health-care costs.

作者说加拿大的各省总理可以花点时间来做一些关于卫生保健花费方面的事情。（Ottawa 是加拿大首都，这里指加拿大联邦政府）。本文讨论 的主题应该是health-care costs, 而且可以预测这个costs应该是比较高, 各方试图去解决。

They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing components of which are pharmaceutical costs. 果然第二段讲了health budgets = health-care costs在猛烈上升( soaring), 卫生预算方面增长最快的部分是药的花费（成本），预测41题会对 soaring pharmaceutical costs 具体展开。

41. E.  According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending.  Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatment.  Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds.  Part of it is higher prices.

What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care – to say nothing of reports from other experts – recommended the creation of a national drug agency.  Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution. 那么怎么做呢？ Romanow commission and the Kirby committee都建议创立 national drug agency,  各省就可以不用各自为政，而可以汇集资源， 与联邦政府一起建立起一个全国性的机构来协调药物的问题。从What to do? 这句话可以推出？41题这段话应该揭示出了一些具体问题（因为有问题才需要人们去做什么），然后这一段提出了可能的解决方案。41题肯定是讲 drug (=pharmaceutical 互为替换词)costs药物成本很高，其中关键词drug costs应该会出现。综合第二段的分析，选择E 为最佳答案。第二段中prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending 就为具体展开的内容。本段话关键词或者说主要讨论对象是national agency (national institution), 我们可以进一步预测文章后面的内容是围绕此关键词展开。

42. C.  What does “national” mean?  Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.

But “national” doesn’t have to mean that.  “National” could mean interprovincial – provinces combining efforts to create one body. 但是，“National”不一定是那个意思，”National” 可能是指省与省之间，也就是各个省联合起来建立一个机构。that往前指代42题的内容，42题应该是讲了national的另外一种定义。根据这段话第二句话推断，这另外一种定义应该是指联邦政府单独建立一个全国性的机构，或者联邦政府与各个省联合建立一个机构。根据以上分析，42题显然应该选C，请同学们注意a federal- national body.  (本文中出现的agency / institution / body / organization实际上都是指机构，是属于作者的关键同义词替换)

Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers.  Instead of having one province – or a series of hospitals within a province – negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.  Either way 表示任何一种方式（各个省联合建立机构，或者各个省与联邦政府联合建立机构）， 一个全国性的机构的好处是可以各个省联合起来一起与药品制造商更好地谈判，争取更好的价格。注意drug manufacturers是新出现的名词，后文中可能会继续提到！

Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price. 这一段接着讲联合起来的好处，基本经济学理论就告诉我们潜在的顾客越多，就越有可能得到好的（也就是更低的）药品价格。

43. G. Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream.  They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way.  They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another.  They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs.  They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it. 　／　Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream　作者话峰一转，当然，制药公司（实际上就是指 drug manufacturers ，替换词）会尖叫，也就是说他们无法接受顾客联合起来，他们不满，他们不愿意看到一个national agency的建立。　本段第一句话很好地和上一段衔接起来。接着本段作者分析了制药公司反对和不满　的原因。最后一句话They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it. (他们不喜欢一个全国性的机构，但是自身的利益使他们不得不去与这个机构打交道)。这句话和下面一段第一句话衔接。

A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health technology assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces.  Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join. 本段讲已经就建立一个national agency 采取了一个小措施，要建立一个Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health technology assessment, 由联邦政府和各个省共同出资。在此机构指导下 ( under it ), 一个Common Drug Review会向各个省建议什么药品应该被包括在药品采购单中。可以预料到的，并且很遗憾地是，魁北克省拒绝加入（这个全国性的机构）。根据本段的内容和前面几段的分析，４３题应该也围绕着a national agency的话题讲，并且很可能会提到制药公司的态度。

A的内容可以放在这里，接着Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join. 说，Quebec’s resistance 很好地连接了上文 Quebec refused to join,  

A.  Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology.  One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University.  Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 percent to 26.8 percent! 魁北克对全国性机构的抵制是偏狭的思维方式。首先倡导全国性的药品单子的人中间有一个是Laval大学的一个研究员。魁北克的药品保险基金的成本急剧增长，从14.3%的年增长率上升到了26.8%。

A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making.（段落主题句）  They ( particularly Quebec and Alberta ) just want Ottawa to fork over （支付）additional billions with few, if any, strings attached.  That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.　一些省的总理怀疑任何联邦和省之间的交易。他们只是想联邦政府提供更多的钱，　而没有什么附加条件。这就是为什么建立一个全国性的药品单子的想法一直没有进展，在此同时药品成本继续快速上升。A few premiers 实际上包含上文或者下文中的Quebec, Quebec 历来在各个省中独立意识最强，不喜欢与联邦政府发生瓜葛。（体会上文中作者用的predictably）注意That’s one reason 中的 that指代上面两句话的意思。本段主要讲了有的省不想与联邦政府打交道、做交易，这导致了a national list的难产。从这里可以判断出有的省想自己来处理药品成本问题（卫生健康问题），他们可能有自己的想法。本题有争议。

44. F.  So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove （作者观点，建议）they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list （自己的一套做法）that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices. 因此，如果各个省想自己来管理卫生保健方面的事情的话，他们应该证明他们能够管理， 首先从省之间互相达成的health list (就是指药品单子)开始，那样将会消除重复（药品名单重复），削减管理成本，防止省之间互相争斗，达成更低的药品价格。Premiers是代表各个省的, 实际上和本段中的the provinces 是一回事, 一个概念! So 表示因果关系，此处和上文衔接，意思是因为the idea of a national list hasn’t got anywhere, 那么各个省在处理health-care这个问题上应该有自己的解决办法 (an interprovincial health list ) ,  注意a national list /an  interprovincial health list 的对比和衔接关系， F要比A 更好地连接了上下文。

A.  Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology.  One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University.  Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 percent to 26.8 percent! 魁北克对全国性机构的抵制是偏狭的思维方式。首先倡导全国性的药品单子的人中间有一个是Laval大学的一个研究员。魁北克的药品保险基金的成本急剧增长，从14.3%的年增长率上升到了26.8%。本段话的意思虽然也是围绕着本文讨论的话题展开，但与上下文的衔接显得突兀，   如果这段话放在A few premiers are suspicious of 这一段上面就可以了，同学们可以看一下。

我推测命题者是从外刊中选择了一篇比较长的文章，然后压缩了一下， 但保持语篇的连贯性。本文的干扰项A和D应该是从被压缩掉的文章内容中选出。

Premiers （这里的premiers和上文中A few premiers are suspicious of 是同一批人）love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money.  Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs. “ A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to try to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”总理们喜欢有选择地引用Mr. Romanow的报告，特别是有关更多的联邦资金的部分。作者接着提出建议，他们应该读“一个全国性的药品机构可以使政府对制药公司施加更多的影响以控制越来越高的药品成本。“　注意Perhaps they should read引出作者建议。根据本段内容和最后一段内容预测，４５题的内容应该是继续围绕着health costs 和一个全国性的机构讲的。 本段（还有后面的内容） 以及44题上面一段都是围绕着各个省的总理的观点、态度, 也就是各个省的态度讲的, 从这个角度判断， 44题应该也是围绕着这些内容阐述。

45. B.  Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “ The substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription – drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.” 或者他们可以读Mr. Kirby的报告，这样一个机构的巨大的购买力将会加强公共的处方药保险计划，可以从制药公司协商到尽可能低的药品采购价。　

such an agency 指前文的A national drug agency。Or they could read … 也属于作者建议，和 Perhaps they should read 平行，而且所讲内容符合推断。所以B 从上下文衔接性和内容上来说，都是最好的选择。

So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking 　（忙起来, 开始动或做　）about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.

作者建议说：因此，这些各省的总理再次开会的时候应该在他们的权限范围内做一些事情，这些事情将会对他们的预算和病人有利。So 因果关系，承接上文，４５题应该也是围绕着health　costs讲的。这里的budgets 就是指health budgets, 和 health costs相关。同学们应该注意到最后几段作者用they should / they could 连续表达了观点（建议）（都是围绕同一话题），使的文章段落衔接的很紧密， 这为我们解题也提供了线索。

个人认为这次考研的新题型很难，对同学们的阅读能力提出了非常高的要求，我上面写的是我解题时候的思路，供同学们参考。建议06年考研的同学们平时应该加强对外刊文章的分析，从宏观的语篇、段落分析，到某个单词、短语的深刻理解、代词的准确指代，要善于预测和反推文章的内容发展，这也是我一贯强调的超精读思想。只有这样，考试的时候才能做到游刃有余，从激烈的竞争中胜出！