水木艾迪：考研英语阅读理解冲刺之新题型

模拟题

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    Most students are usually introduced to the study of history by way of a fat textbook and become quickly immersed in a vast sea of names, dates, events and statistics. The students’ skills are then tested by examinations that require them to show how much of the data they remember; the more they remember, the higher their grades. 41)_____________.The professional historian is simply one who brings together a very large number of “facts”. Therefore, students often become confused upon discovering that historians often disagree sharply even when they are dealing with the same event.

Their common-sense reaction to this state of affairs is to conclude that one historian is right while the other is wrong. And presumably, historians who are wrong will have their “facts” wrong. This is seldom the case, however. Historians usually all argue reasonably and persuasively. And, the “facts”---the names, dates, events, statistics---usually turn out to be correct. Moreover, they often find that contending historians more or less agree on the facts: that is, they use much the same data. They come to different conclusions because they view the past from a different perspective. 42)__________________.

    This position is hardly satisfying. They cannot help but feel that two diametrically opposed points of view about an event cannot both be right; yet they lack the ability to decide between them.

    43)_______________.

    In its broadest sense, history denotes the whole of the human past. More restricted is the notion that history is the recorded past, that is, that part of human life which has left some sort of record such as folk tales, artifacts, or written documents. Finally, history may be defined as that which historians write about the past. Of course the three meanings are related. Historians must base their accounts on the remains of the past, left by people. Obviously they cannot know everything for the simple reason that not every event, every happening, was fully and completely recorded. 44)____________.

    But this does not say enough. If historians cannot know everything because not everything was recorded, neither do they use all the records that are available to them. Rather, they select only those records they deem most significant. 45_________.

[A] Historians are able to select and create evidence by using some theory of human motivations and behavior.

[B] From this experience a number of conclusions seem obvious: the study of history is the study of “facts” about the past; the more “facts” you know, the better you are as a student of history.

[C] Similarly a third group of historians might maintain that the various items on the list should not be given equal weight, that one of the reasons listed, say, bankers’ loans, was most important.

[D] Therefore the historian can only approximate history at best. No one can ever claim to have concluded the quest.

[E] Moreover, they also re-create parts of the past. Like detectives, they piece together evidence to fill in the gaps in the available records.

[F] History, which seemed to be a cut-and-dried matter of memorizing “facts,” now becomes a matter of choosing one good interpretation from among many. Historical truth becomes a matter of personal preference.

[G] To understand why historians disagree, students must consider a problem they have more or less taken for granted. They must ask themselves what history really is.

答案：BFGDE