考研英语阅读理解精读100篇【信息技术类】

考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit42
Unit 42
In a ditty for the stage, W.S. Gilbert once gave warning that "Things are seldom what they seem/Skim milk masquerades as cream." If appearances were tricky in 1878, they have just become trickier still. By doubling the resolution of existing liquid-crystal displays (LCDS), IBM has created a monitor which, when viewed from 18 inches away or farther, shows images that the human eye finds indistinguishable from the real thing.
 
The T220, as it is called, measures 22 inches across the diagonal, and displays 9.2m picture elements ("pixels"). That gives it a resolution of 200 pixels per inch, twice the previous state of the art. This achievement has come as a result of gradual improvements in optics, liquid-crystal chemistry and microelectronics made by IBM groups in Yamato, Japan, and Yorktown Heights, New York.
 
LCDs work by sandwiching a thin sheet of liquid crystals-in this case, thin-film transistors-between two narrowly separated panes of glass. Typically, small glass spheres have held the two panes of glass apart, impairing by refraction the performance of the display. IBM has replaced the spheres with small posts, which are located in the interstices between pixels, and so do not disturb the light as it leaves the excited liquid crystal. In the past, attempts to achieve such high pixel rates have been stymied by the build-up of electrical static, which caused problems with the brightness of the screens. The IBM groups have solved this by using a laser to scan back and forth across the glass, preventing the build up of static electricity.
 
At a current retail price of $22,000, the T220 is hardly going to be flying off the shelves. But it will be ideal for hospitals. Historically, radiology has been a driving force behind the development of high-resolution screens. And the T220's price tag will go almost unnoticed when attached to MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or CT (computerised tomography) scanning machines. Until now, no monitor has been able to display the 5m pixels of data that a typical CT-scanning machine produces. The ability to reproduce the data with perfect fidelity should help radiologists make more accurate diagnoses from the computer screen.
 
According to Bob Artemenko, director of marketing and strategy for IBM'S business display unit, the new screen could also help petroleum engineers to speed up their analysis of where to drill from one month to one day. Similarly, the higher fidelity will allow CAD (computer-aided design) systems, especially in the motor and aerospace industries, to work faster-because the detail revealed by the new monitor can cut out costly prototype-building exercises. RAM'S idea is that the new monitor will allow designers of all sorts to go straight from computer image to final product, eliminating many costly and time-consuming middle stages.
 
With prices of more conventional 15 inch LCDs now below $500, IBM is expected to shift its engineering effort from achieving high resolution to lowering costs. How long before the T22o starts showing up in high-end laptops? Judging from previous experience, it could happen sooner than most people think
 
注（1）：本文选自Economist; 9/22/2001, p7, 2p, 1c；
注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年Text 1；
 
1.       How does the author introduce the topic?
 
[A]Posing a contrast.
[B]Justifying an assumption.
[C]Making a comparison.
[D]Explaining a phenomenon.
 
2.       Which of the following is not the advantage of the T220?
 
[A]Reasonable price.
[B]Time-saving.
[C]Cost-saving.
[D]High fidelity.
 
3.       The expression “stymied”(Line 6, Paragraph 3) most probably means _____________.
 
[A]limited
[B]controlled
[C]improved
[D]hindered
 
4.       Why does the hospital ignore the price tag of T220?
 
[A]T220 creates a driving force for the medical staff.
[B]T220 guarantees a more accurate diagnosis.
[C]CT-scanning machine fails to produce such high fidelity images.
[D]T220 owns the ability to reproduce data with perfect fidelity.
 
5.       What is the current problem IBM facing?
 
[A]Achieving high resolution.
[B]Pursuing more applications.
[C]Lowering the price.
[D]Reducing the size of the screen.
 
答案：CADBC
 
篇章剖析
本文是一篇说明文，详细介绍了清晰度比以前的屏幕高一倍的新型液晶显示器所显示的影像看起来与真实物品几乎难分真假。第一段以比较的手法引出本文的论点：T220显示的影像看起来与真实物品几乎难分真假，“眼见不为实”；第二段指出T220的性能优势以及它是由谁研究开发的；第三段指出T220的运做原理；第四段指出T220是医院的理想选择；第五段指出这种新型显示器的应用；最后一段指出T220的发展前景。
 
词汇注释
sharpness [] n. 清晰度
indistinguishable [] adj. 不能区别的，难区分的; 不易觉察的
ditty [] n. 小曲；小调；短歌
skim milk n. 脱脂奶，脱脂乳
tricky ] adj. 难处理的；棘手的；微妙的；奸诈的；狡猾的
pixel []＝picture element n. 像素
tomography [i] n. (=laminography)X线体层照相术, X线断层照相术
the state-of-the-art技术发展水平，科技发展水平，工艺发展水平
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) n. 液晶显示器
sandwich vt. 夹在中间；挤入；把...做成三明治；挤出时间做某事
liquid-crystal sheet n. 液晶膜(层)
Thin-Film Transistors (TFT) 薄膜晶体管
impair [] vt. 损害, 伤害；减少(量、价值、力等)
refraction [] n. 折光, 折射；折射作用, 折射度；折光差[度]
interstice [] n. 间隙, 空隙, 小缝
stymy v. 从中作乱, 完全妨碍
fly off v. (轮子等)飞脱，飞出；飞速(或突然)离去; 逃脱，跑掉
unnoticed [] adj. 未被注意的; 未被顾及的; 不触目的, 不引人注意的
CT (Computerized Tomography) 计算机X射线断层造影术［电脑断层摄影法］
 
难句突破
1．Similarly, the higher fidelity will allow CAD (computer-aided design) systems, especially in the motor and aerospace industries, to work faster-because the detail revealed by the new monitor can cut out costly prototype-building exercises.
主体句式：the higher fidelity will allow CAD systems to work faster …
结构分析：本句要认清过去分词“revealed”做后置定语来修饰“the detail”;词组“cut out”的意思是“切掉, 裁剪出, 取代, 停止”的意思；“costly”的词性是形容词。
句子译文：同样，较高的保真度也将使CAD(电脑辅助设计)系统——特别是汽车和航天工业——工作得更快，因为新荧屏显示的细节可省去昂贵的原型拟造程序。
2．RAM'S idea is that the new monitor will allow designers of all sorts to go straight from computer image to final product, eliminating many costly and time-consuming middle stages.
主体句式：RAM'S idea is that …
结构分析：本句是一个宾语从句。注意在宾语从句里，谓语动词“allow”的用法是“allow sb. to do sth”；现在分词“eliminating”做伴随状语。
句子译文：有关内存（RAM）的概念是新显示器将使各种设计师免除许多昂贵费时的中间环节，直接从计算机图像过渡到最终产品形象。
 
题目分析
1．答案为C，属事实细节题。如同舞台小曲中W•S•吉尔伯特警示的那样：“如同脱脂乳看似奶油而实质不同，事物很少表里一致。”，现在的液晶显示器所显示的影像看起来与真实物品几乎难分真假。作者是通过比较来引入话题的。
2. 答案为A，属事实细节题。我们从文章中可知道T220售价是$22,000，常识告诉我们价格真是不便宜；句子“And the T220's price tag will go almost unnoticed when attached to MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or CT (computerised tomography) scanning machines.”也暗示T220售价不菲；句子“With prices of more conventional 15 inch LCDs now below $500, IBM is expected to shift its engineering effort from achieving high resolution to lowering costs.”的意思是“由于常规的15英寸液晶显示器目前的价格在$500以下，所以，人们预计IBM会将其工程重点从追求高分辨率转移到降低成本上。”，这句话也暗示了T220高昂的价格。
3. 答案为D，属猜词题。我们从句子“The IBM groups have solved this by using a laser to scan back and forth across the glass, preventing the build up of static electricity.”可以看出，IBM科研小组用激光来回扫描玻璃片解决这个难题，成功防止了静电聚积。那么在过去，静电聚积是困饶科学家们的一个难题，限制了他们达到更高的像素率。由此可猜出词义。
4. 答案为B，属事实细节题。原文对应信息是“Until now, no monitor has been able to display the 5m pixels of data that a typical CT-scanning machine produces. The ability to reproduce the data with perfect fidelity should help radiologists make more accurate diagnoses from the computer screen.” T220所具有的性能能帮助做出更为精确的诊断是人们忽视它的高昂的价格的根本原因。
5. 答案为C，属事实细节题。原文对应信息是“With prices of more conventional 15 inch LCDs now below $500, IBM is expected to shift its engineering effort from achieving high resolution to lowering costs.”。
 
参考译文
在一首舞台小曲中，W•S•吉尔伯特曾警告说：“如同脱脂乳看似奶油而实质不同，事物很少表里一致。”如果事物的外表在1878 年就能障人耳目，那现在就愈加错综复杂、令人真实难辨了。IBM制造的显示器将现有液晶显示屏(LCDS)的分辨率提高了一倍。若从18 英寸或更远的距离观看，这种显示器所显示的图像与实物之间的差别用肉眼是很难区分的。
 
T220(人们都这样叫)的对角线为22英寸，所显示的象素为920万。这使其分辨率达到每英寸200 象素, 比原先的技术发展水平高出一倍。这些成就是IBM公司设在日本大和雅马拓公司和美国纽约约克敦海茨科研小组在光学、液晶化学和微电子学领域逐步取得科技进步的结果。
 
液晶显示器(LCDs)的工作原理是在二块紧密贴合、似分非分的玻璃片之间夹一层很薄的液晶膜(在液晶显示器中是薄膜晶体管)。在一般情况下，小玻璃球体使这二块玻璃片保持互相分离状态，其折射作用会降低显示器的性能。IBM将球体换成了小支柱。小支柱位于象素之间的间隙中, 因此，当光线离开受激发的液晶时，小支柱不会对光产生干扰。在过去, 科学家们一直试图达到如此高的象素率，但这种尝试完全受到了造成屏幕亮度问题的聚积静电的限制。IBM科研小组用激光来回扫描玻璃片解决这个难题，成功防止了静电聚积。
 
以目前22,000美元的零售价看，T220不可能马上从货价上消失。但它将是医院理想的选择。从历史角度看，放射学一直是激励科技人员开发高分辨率屏幕的动力。当把T220装到MRI (磁共振成像仪)或CT(电脑化x射线断层扫描仪)上时，人们往往忽略了其价格标签。直到现在，还没有一台显示器能显示典型的CT机生成的5百万象素数据。数据再生能力加上完美的保真度应能帮助放射学家在计算机屏幕上做出更准确的诊断。
 
据IBM显示器部市场营销和策略部主任鲍伯•阿特蒙克说，新型显示屏还可帮助石油工程师把分析钻井的速度从一个月减少到一天。同样，较高的保真度也将使CAD(电脑辅助设计)系统——特别是汽车和航天工业——工作得更快，因为新荧屏显示的细节可省去昂贵的原型拟造程序。有关内存（RAM）的概念是新显示器将使各种设计师免除许多昂贵费时的中间环节，直接从计算机图像过渡到最终产品形象。
 
由于常规的15英寸液晶显示器目前的价格在$500以下，所以，人们预计IBM会将其工程重点从追求高分辨率转移到降低成本上。T220开始在高端手提电脑上露面还需要多长时间? 从以往的经验判断，它的出现会比多数人想象的要快。

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