2008考研英语辅导：完型填空复习指南二

完型填空真题分析（2004）

　　Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21) ____ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) ____ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) ____ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in (24) ____ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (25) ____ as a rejection of middle-class values.

　　Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) ____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27) ____ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28) ____ to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) ____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31) ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) ____ lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also (33) ____ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (34) ____, children are likely to have less supervision at home (35) ____ was common in the traditional family (36) ____. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (37) ____ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (38) ____ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39) ____ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40) ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

21.[A] acting     [B] relying     [C] centering     [D] cementing
22.[A] before     [B] unless     [C] until     [D] because
23.[A] interactions　[B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation
24.[A] return     [B] reply     [C] reference     [D] response
25.[A] or     [B] but rather     [C] but     [D] or else
26.[A] considering     [B] ignoring   [C] highlighting   [D] discarding
27.[A] on     [B] in     [C] for     [D] with
28.[A] immune     [B] resistant     [C] sensitive     [D] subject
29.[A] affect     [B] reduce     [C] chock     [D] reflect
30.[A] point     [B] lead     [C] come     [D] amount
31.[A] in general     [B] on average     [C] by contrast    [D] at length
32.[A] case     [B] short     [C] turn     [D] essence
33.[A] survived     [B] noticed     [C] undertaken     [D] experienced
34.[A] contrarily　[B] consequently　[C] similarly　[D] simultaneously
35.[A] than     [B] that     [C] which     [D] as
36.[A] system     [B] structure     [C] concept     [D] heritage
37.[A] assessable    [B] identifiable   [C] negligible   [D]incredible
38.[A] expense   [B] restriction    [C] allocation    [D] availability
39.[A] incidence     [B] awareness     [C] exposure    [D] popularity
40.[A] provided     [B] since     [C] although     [D] supposing

　　从总体上看，2004年的考研完型填空难度并不高，无论是文章本身的阅读难度还是所考查的词汇难度都处于平均水平。从文章背景来看这是一篇有关探讨导致青少年犯罪因素理论的社会科学类说明文，仍然遵循了近些年来完型文章基本都是选取有关社会科学题材的说明文或议论文的传统。从文章的布局和结构来看，依旧按照完型文章最为典型的总分对照结构，由总述句概括出一个中心主线，整篇文章围绕着这个中心主线展开，具体的文章结构和中心主线分析如下：

　　本文采用了总分对照结构，文章的首句即为本文的总述句，直接定义出本文的核心主题：“Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.”
即本文主题是有关青少年犯罪的理论，而且这些理论主要分为两大类：一类侧重于个人因素的影响，另一类侧重于社会因素的影响。文章的分述部分就是围绕着这些理论详细展开，具体列举了造成青少年犯罪率上升的几种因素。

词汇考点分析
　　从所考查的词汇分布来看，2004年完型仍然是重点考查动词的用法、近义词辨析、以及通过考连词考查考生对上下文（句）逻辑关系的理解这三大考点。
　　考查动词用法的题占了6道，包括21、26、29、30、33、40题；考查名词近义词辨析占了6道，包括23、24、32、36、38、39题；考查形容词近义词辨析占了2道，比往年要少，包括28和37题；考查副词近义词辨析只有1道，34题；考查近义词辨析的题一共有9道；通过考连词考查上下文（句）逻辑关系的题占了3道，包括22、25、35题；从上述分析可以看出，三大考点就一共占了完型填空全部20道题中的18道题。其他的考介词的1道（27题）、考固定搭配的1道（31题）。

英语知识运用分析
21. 答案：[C] centering
分析：本题是典型的“复现”题，即作者在文章不同的地方使用相同或者不同的词汇表达相同或类似的意思。本文的第一句话中（Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence），已经使用了词组：. focus on（关注于，侧重于，着重于）解释理论侧重于的内容；而且本段落的最后一句话在解释另一种理论所侧重于的内容时，又一次使用了focus on （Theories focusing on the role of society……）, 所以，作者为本题已经给出了明确的已知提示线索—“focus on”，从4个选项中选出centering on表达与focus on同样意思即可。

22. 答案：[D] because
分析：本题是考查上下句逻辑关系衔接的连词题，从前后两句来看一定是因果关系，后面的句子（they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or……）是对前一句青少年为什么犯罪的解释，只能选择[D] because。如果选择了其他三个选项，上下句的逻辑关系就不通了。

相关链接：

去考研博客圈，看考研名师博客