2010年考研英语翻译难点透析(含09翻译真题详解)

　　考研翻译历年真题精析(2009)

　　研究考研翻译历年真题对应用和巩固翻译技巧和方法，把握考研翻译的命题方向和提高翻译成绩，有着其他方式无可替代的重要作用。从研究和方便读者的角度出发，本章对考研翻译句子的解析采取下列格式：

　　1. 对原句的翻译过程做出一些简化，主要按照三部分展开：句子结构分析、词语用法解释、汉语方式表达。

　　2. 句子结构分析用各种具体符号标示，使读者一目了然。具体符号及表示内容如下： 句子间的逻辑层次关系用/来表示，/为第一层，//为第二层，以此类推;主语：用下划线表示;谓语：用阴影部分表示;宾语：用波浪线表示;插入语：用双下线表示;连接词：用全框来表示;修饰成分用()来表示，有必要时再做具体解释。例如：

　　It may be said //that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; / but this effect is not a part of its original motive.

　　2009年英译汉试题及解析

　　There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.(46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47)Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.

　　But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. (48)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (49)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.

　　(50)We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.