冲刺必看：2010年考研英语阅读六大题型解题技巧

　　细节事实题

　　这是考研阅读考试中的重点题型，每年大概都有近一半的题目。主要考查的是对于文章具体细节事实的了解和判断，以及将文章内容和选项本身进行对比分析的能力。因此，这个题型最能体现句子解析能力，同时我们也发现做这个题的时候，词汇固然重要，但从结构上把握句子，有的时候能事半功倍，不完全认识词汇也能把题解决。

　　(07-01-23) According to Ericsson, good memory

　　[A] depends on meaningful processing of information。

　　[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises。

　　[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors。

　　[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration。

　　This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome。

　　这是完全开放的细节题，只能以选项进行一个一个的查找。A选项比较没有特色，我们先看B，里面的两个词intuitive、cognitive不是太熟，但可以发现它们在文中是原词再现的。对比一下，会发现在结构上就不同。文章是the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one，选项是results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises，文章强调的是more的后面cognitive，而选项强调的是rather than的前面intuitive，明显是不同的。

　　再看C，文章中是memory itself is not genetically determined，选项是is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors，强调的是rather than的前面genetic,这与原文相反，排除。

　　再看D, 文章是it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. 选项是requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration，文中提到了goals, feedback, concentration三个内容，而选项中只有后两者，信息明显缺失，排除。

　　再看A，定位到文章后发现文中是And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. 其中的encode与选项中的process是同义转化，答案为A。

　　推理判断题

　　本题型考查的是在细节事实的基础上进行推理的能力，要求指出作者想说而实际未明确说出的话。常在题干中出infer, imply, suggest, indicate, learn等词。重点就在于要根据作者的思路来进行推理，而不要主观套上个人自己的经验和想象。同时要注意范围，基本的做法和细节事实差不多，也是定位后进行对比分析。同时会发现包含一定的模糊词汇选项往往是正确选项，因为推理的过程是一个从已知到未知的过程，常常会留有一定的余地。

　　(07-03-33)It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

　　[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks。

　　[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges。

　　[C] financial problems may bring about political problems。

　　[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status。

　　(末段)From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind。

　　直接定位到最后一段。首先观察选项，发现A，B，C三个都有模糊词汇tend to, may, may是我们重点看的对象，再者可以发现三个选项都极为有规律，都是主谓宾结构，而且A和C的主语一致，都是经济和财政问题，B为中产阶级，三者的宾语也一致，都是政治问题，因此我们以政治问题进行定位，回到最后一段，发现只有最后一句才提到政治问题。因此，我们从一整段的定位缩到一句话。

　　考察一下最后一句，发现主干的意思就是“政治的fallout开始了，而经济的fallout也不远了”，fallout是难词，跳过，我们发现在讨论经济与政治的关系，直接把B排除，与这句无关。

　　再看A和C，两者的区别是两个动词，outweigh, bring about。看到最后一句的结构，A开始了，而B也不远，明显这是我们在细节题中提到的因果关系的一种引申。考研英语中因果关系的表达多种多样，这也是其中的一种，因此我们可以认为政治的某个东西与经济的某个东西两者间是因果的关系，再看选项，可以发现A和C中的两个动词，outweigh是超过的意思，排除，bring about意为带来，是一种因果关系，与原句契合，再看一下D，发现它毫不相关，因此答案为C。