2010年考研英语最后总攻之英语阅读冲刺秘笈

　　二、关于出题规则和解题技巧的最后冲刺

　　最能反映出题者思路的复习材料只有真题。无论是出题难度还是出题思路，历年真题的质量都非常高。许多考生在没有把真题彻底吃透的情况下花了大量的时间和精力去做许多模拟试卷。这种复习方法不仅耗时耗力、事倍功半，而且甚至会因为模拟题的仿真程度不好，导致自己的做题思路发生偏差。因此，如果你时间紧急，那么你一定要认真研究真题，争取在最后关头将近十年的真题反复做三遍以上，在时间剩余的情况下，适当采用一部分模拟题，但是量不要大，而且一定要将做模拟题中心放到研读文章上来，而不要放到找解题技巧，更不要用模拟题的成绩好坏去衡量你的当前阅读能力。

　　反复做真题的目的其实很简单，就是熟悉，但是何为熟悉?很多同学在做真题的时候唯一的目的就是求解，对为什么这么解和如何去解完全不顾及，所以这样的学员阅读复习速度相当快，而且自我感觉良好，其实不知道这样复习几乎没有意义。我认为反复做真题到达熟悉的地步，要从三个标准进行衡量。第一标准：基于文章层面的巩固，包含文章的所有单词、短语、长难句、语法、文化、篇章结构、文章体裁、文章题材、段与段之间的联系、段内句与句之间的关联，必须做到准确无误，完全熟知;第二标准：基于题干层面，包含做题流程、题干分析、题干词汇特征、题型归类、如何进行定位、如何在原文寻求重要信息、如何返回选项、选项正误精准分析、题目本身理论性反思等;第三标准：同类题型解题技巧巩固、适应范围、技巧一旦不能应用的例外题处理、历年来同类题目的考查次数等。大家知道，成败不仅与实力相关，也与技巧密不可分。英语知识的学习没什么技巧，但考试却有，考研也不例外。以什么样的思路去应付考题，这个是做题的关键。从阅读材料后面的题目来看，问题可以分为以下几大类：主旨题、推理题、细节题、例证题、态度题、原因题、举例题和猜词题。每个大题型又可以继续细分。考生应该对这些题型的正解特征加以归纳总结。

　　例如：考研英语中多次涉及的主要原因题，其题目形式是：

　　The passage (author)………….mainly because____?

　　Which of the following is chiefly responsible for…….?

　　is largely due to________?

　　What is the main reason for ________?

　　由上述真题题目我们可以看出，题目特征相当明显，都出现了表示“主要的”标识词。那么题目特征会引发我们怎样的思考呢?既然是主要原因，就表明在原文中原因的阐述是不唯一的，至少有两个以上的原因才具备出主要原因题的前提。在四个选项中，可能同时会有若干个选项都是正确的原因，但正确答案是最主要的原因。那么，什么样的原因才是主要原因呢?我们可以从原文对应句中找到规律：主要原因题正确选项在原文中的对应句往往含有如下标识词：比较级、最高级、转折词、above all等。我们一起看一下以往的例题：

　　例1. 原文：Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world round it is changing. The commercial TV channels—ITV and Channel 4—were required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels—funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions—which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term。

　　题目：The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than ______________。

　　(1996年passage2第4题)

　　A. the emergence of commercial TV channel

　　B. the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government

　　C. the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs

　　D. the challenge of new satellite channels

　　例2. 原文：Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors: and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological。

　　题目：According to the author, the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large due to _______. (1996年passage4第1题)

　　A. elementary schools B. enthusiastic workers

　　C. the attractive premium system D. a special way of thinking

　　例3：原文：But that may have more to do with Japanese lifestyle。

　　题目：According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society? (2000年passage4第2题)

　　A. Women’s participation in social activities is limited。

　　B. More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs。

　　C. Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics。

　　D. The lifestyle has been influenced by western values

　　例4：原文：Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billons to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on。

　　题目：According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by _______. (2003年passage3第5题)

　　A. The continuing acquisition。

　　B. The growing traffic。

　　C. The cheering Wall Street。

　　D. The shrinking market。

　　例5. 原文：The researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good natured, co-operative creatures, and they share food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males。

　　题目：Female capuchin moneys were chosen for the research most probably because they are _____。(2005年passage1第3题

　　A. more inclined to weigh what they get

　　B. attentive to researchers’ instructions

　　C. nice in both appearance and temperament

　　D. more generous than their male companions

　　上述例题均很好地印证了这类题的做题规律，而且十年中这一规律都没有发生任何变化。考生在阅读复习过程中要注意题目的横向联系，不仅要按篇章来阅读，还要把历年的同一类型考题放到一起进行总结，从而发现做题技巧和规律，这样才能更好地保证复习的效率。