4、最重要的一点来了，正如我刚刚所说，写摘要是一种压缩的游戏，除了要压缩原文之外，还需要压缩句子，之于写摘要，压缩句子才是主要矛盾，具体有以下几点需要掌握：

　　a.将要摘写的句子翻成汉语，当然只翻译自己认识的部分，然后在汉语的层面上进行改写和语句压缩(这一点应该不难)，然后再转换成英语，转换回英语的时候完全可以参照原文句式，保证不犯错，如：

　　he was in financial difficulties and was being pressed by his creditor

　　可以改为：he had a problem because of the lack of money

　　John fell into the river and，before help could reach him， he sank.

　　可以改为：John was drowned in the river

　　b.用短语取代原文中的长句并且删除长句中的从句和附属成分

　　Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai，Lushan Mountain，and Huangshan Mountain，were visited by only a few people in the past. Today，better wages，holidays with pay，new hotels on those mountains，and better train and bus services，have bought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.可以改为：with the development of society，more and more people are visiting beautiful mountains like Mount Tai.

　　C.多用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语

　　She brought home several Chinese and English novels，a few copies of Times and Newsweek，and some text books.She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.

　　可以改为：She brought home books and magazines to read during the vacation.

　　下面我用一片范文举例，各位找一找感觉，时间关系，我就不一个一个字打上去了，这篇文章是我在网上找的，还能用就直接复制过来了

　　将下面这篇约500词的原文按要求写成约150词的摘要。

　　原文

　　How New York Became America?s Largest City

　　In the 18th century New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston.Today it is the largest city in America.How can the change in its size and importance be explained?

　　To answer this question we must consider certain facts about geography， history，and economics.Together these three will explain the huge growth of America?s most famous city.

　　The map of the Northeast shows that four of the most heavily populated areas in this region are around seaports.At these points materials from across the sea enter the United States， and the product of the land are sent there for export across the sea.

　　Economists know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into finished goods.That is why seaports often have cities nearby.But cities like New York needed more than their geographical location in order to become great industrial centers.Their development did not happen simply by chance.

　　About 1815，when many Americans from the east coast had already moved toward the west，trade routes from the ports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious problem. The slow wagons of that time，drawn by horses or oxen，were too expensive for moving heavy freight very far. Americans had long admired Europe?s canals.In New York State a canal seemed the best solution to the transportation problem.From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long strip of low land.Here the Erie Canal was constructed. After several years of work it was completed in 1825.