(2) 了解段落细节后,从试题中“and”前(或后)词义推断。
例1. and Climate
Lowlying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief (轮廓鲜明的) features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176 m. The country has a wet tropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 27.2 ℃. The average annual rainfall is 2,413 mm; the wettest months are November through January.
(Answer: Land)
看了这段文字,就会发现该段没有主题句。但如果把细节归纳起来,就会发现前两句讲到新加坡岛的地势情况,接下来叙述的是该国的气候情况。根据小标题中and 后面给出的climate (气候) 一词可以推断出前面应该填 Land (地形)。
例2. Importance of and Training
Not all skills are inborn, however. Some people have invested in training and schooling to improve their knowledge and skills. When we go to school, we are investing in human capital that we expect to yield dividends, partly in the form of higher wages, later on. Human capital is also produced through onthejob training.
(Answer: Education)
这段文字似乎没有一句可以提取概括全段的中心句。小标题中and后面给出提示词“training”,第二句与training 并列中用“and”连接的是“schooling”,第三句中又出现了“When we go to school”,与最后一句中“onthejob training”遥相呼应,形成又一组并列。这样就可以轻而易举地确定小标题中“and”前应该是“教育”的名词,所以答案确定。
例3. Pronunciation and of Words
Pronunciation is settled by common agreement of the community or group speaking the particular language or dialect. For standard pronunciations of words, a dictionary is your best friend. The usage of words is somewhat the same as pronunciation. To be accurate in your use of words is very important in your conversation. Dictionaries usually provide the usage of words. So whenever you meet with new words, it is a good idea to look them up in the dictionary.
(Answer: Usage)
本段小标题中and之前出现的单词是“pronunciation”,那么就要找出本段与pronunciation并列的单词的另一个方面。阅读段落内容后,可知段落前二句涉及的是单词的读音“pronunciation”,而后四句涉及到的是单词的“usage”即用法。更重要的是文中第三句明确地把“usage”与“pronunciation”并列起来,因此确定为答案。
3. 重要信息暗示题
这类题是指选取段落中多次出现的同义词的原形或同义异性、同义异形词即可解出答案的题目。
例1. of Adult Education
The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1798, with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1740.
(Answer: Early Days)
本段中介绍了早期的有组织的成人教育计划。文中出现了两次earliest一词,但都是指最早出现的某所学校。
例2. in the U.S. Airlines
During the 1970s the number of domestic passengers on U.S. airlines increased about 78%, and during the 1980s the figure was up about 58%. In 1990 there were 41.8 million international passengers; the figure was a 75% increase over 1980. The total cargo flown by U.S. airlines almost doubled during the 1980s, from 5.7 billion to 10.6 billion tonmiles in 1990.
(Answer: Rapid Growth)
本段主要陈述美国航空客运量和货运吨位的增长情况。全段并没有中心主题句,但每一句都出现了“增长”的字样:第一句里有“increased”和“was up”,第二句又出现“a...increase over”,第三句出现“doubled”(翻倍)的字样,这些都提示我们在小标题上要有的名词是增长,即“Growth”。
例3. Earthquake
Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from major fires which are initiated by the quake.
(Answer: Destruction)
本段主要讲了易发生地震的区域及地震所带来的破坏。文中表示“破坏”的词反复出现。第一句中就出现了答案“destruction”,第二句中有形容词“damaging”,第三句中又出现了答案词“destruction”,第四句中又有“collapse”坍塌一词,最后一句中又有表示“破坏”的名词“damage”。由于“破坏”一词反复出现,便可找出以“de”开头的词“destruction”。
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