在考研英语中,最让人闹心的便是长难句,但只要找出主干、理清成分也没有那么难以对付。相反,有一些小词,用法繁多,在不同句子中需要辨别出真正的意思就没那么简单了,今天文都网校考研英语老师就as词性的相关用法给大家进行梳理。
As作介词
从词性来看,as主要有介词、连词、关系词。当as作为介词时,往往与动词搭配,形式为...as...,这时动词就不要使用本意,而是统一翻译为将A视为B;把A看成B,在考研英语中出现的动词总结如下:see/view/regard/consider/identify/define/classify/interpret/dismiss/elect/accept/think of A as B。除了这些简单的词语外,当宾语A复杂时会后置于B,形式如下: v. as B A。我们来看一句话On the other hand he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that while he was a good observer he had no power of reasoning.动词是accept,介词是as,as后直接跟的宾语B(形容词),A由于复杂后置到了B后,是the charge,后跟一系列的定语-made by some of his critics以及同位语-while he was a good observer he had no power of reasoning,这句话是说另一方面,他认为一些批评者的指控没有根据,指控内容是说虽然他是个好的观察者,但他没有推理能力。
As当连词
当as作为连词时,可以表时间:随着....../当......时候(一般位于句首)。例句如下:As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked "anti-science" in several books.随着用于科学的资金减少,科学家在一些书中攻击“反科学”论调。可以表原因:既然、由于=since。例句如下:We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.我们感激他们,是因为一些语言自此以后消失了,消失是由于这些语言使用者已经死去或者被同化,进而失去了他们本族语言。可以表让步:尽管、虽然,(as一定不能位于句首,位于句中第二个词)。例句如下:
In addition, difficult as it is to believe, there are desert fish which can survive through years of drought in the form of inactive eggs.另外,尽管很难相信,确实存在沙漠鱼,这些鱼以不活跃卵的形式在干旱中存活数年。可以表比较,as...as + 词/句子:和...一样、像...一样;not so......as + 词/句子:和...不一样、不像...那样;not so much...as...:与其说...不如说...。可以表方式,等于in the way that,按照、正如。
As作关系词
As作为关系词时,引导限定性定语从句:先行词前有such/the same;非限定性定语从句:修饰整个句子,比如As is known to all, ...;..., as is often the case;...,as you know,...。
案例分析:
句一:But he talked as well about the“balanced struggle”between creative freedom and social responsibility.该句涉及到的as的用法是as well--也,相当于too,用法简单单一,翻译如下:然而他也同样讨论了创造性的自由以及社会责任之间的制约挣扎。
句二:It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end-of-life care.As出现在这里是作为的意思,因此是介词,而介词常常考察的是与其他动词搭配使用,往前找到常见动词identify,翻译为把...视为临终关怀的两个问题,往前找到并列的两个问题分别是什么,而在as前边的结构中,稍微有些复杂,procedures后边跟着定语从句,其前边有两个and,其中一个and肯定是连接并列的两个问题,很容易看出第二个and,连接的是两个形容词ineffectual and forced,而第一个and并列两个问题,理清总体结构后再进行翻译:这份报告把对疼痛的不足治疗以及过度使用无效、强制性的医疗程序视为临终关怀的两个问题,而其中的医疗程序有可能延长甚至使病人死得难堪。
句三:The chief reason for the population growth isn`t so much a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.这里出现固定结构not so much...as...:与其说...不如说...此结构更加强调的是后者,因此该句话是说人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的增加,不如说是死亡率的降低,正是医疗护理改革的结果。
句四:Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability.这里也涉及一个固定结构,just as...,so...正如...一样,...也,强调的是类比结构而非转折关系,翻译如下:正如先前理论解释了大陆的移动性,热点地区也可能解释了它们的易变性。
任何单词、词组的理解都要放到具体的句子、语篇中去理解,一方面记忆更加深刻,另外对于阅读文章很有帮助。以上是as在句子中的某些用法,以此助大家考研一臂之力!
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