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　　2017考研英语：转变，抑或回归?

　　刚刚结束的2017研究生入学考试的英语(一)的阅读部分，着实让笔者震惊了一把。当拿到卷子的一刻，有两个感觉：阅读文章简单了，题目不按套路出牌了。

　　2007年以后，考研英语阅读一直有一个特点，即“没用的词”(日常生活中用得少的词)越来越多，文章越来越偏，题目越来越直。而2014年以后，阅读理解的题目开始发生了细微的变化，变得越来越细化，一者存在与文章中心无关的推断题(也许，这就是官方说法中的考察对细节的把握)，二者需要进行归纳总结和推理。这种推理，其实对考生是一种折磨——每个人都有自己的理解能力，但是如何让自己的思维在考场上与出题人的思维保持高度相关，则需要平日里对于真题以及样题进行梳理。

　　例如，2017年考研英语(一)的样题中，阅读理解(B)排序的文章非常“霸道”。在给出的五个未选择的选项中，按照提示和逻辑顺序正确排序回来。我们先看一下原文：

　　[A] "I just don't know how to motivate them to do a better job. We're in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we'll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It's hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn't — it's boring, routine paperwork, and there isn't much you can do about it.

　　[B] "Finally, I can't say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it's not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.

　　[C] "I've got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat, They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires,' accidents, and other emergencies.

　　[D] "Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know that's not fair — too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesn't necessarily mean you'll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff."

　　[E]"The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.

　　[F] "So I just don't know What to do. I've been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work."

　　[G ] A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation — how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.

　　顺序已经给出第一个空是G，最后一个是F，那么估计做题时候会有这样一种感受：前两个选项容易，C，E，可是，后三个选项，着实变难了。因为无论怎么拍，都有道理。比如：ABD这个顺序，即，AB选项说出了一个警察局长的真实的困惑，而D选项说别人给的建议不靠谱，所以他也不知道怎么办了，接了F，我求大家帮忙。似乎很有道理。那么，ADB呢?因为B选项开头就是Finally，最终，也就是说，A说了自己没办法，D说了别人出主意但是不靠谱，B说最终啊，我彻底凌乱了，然后接到F选项，说我来球求大家帮忙了。这也是一个一点问题都没有的思路。但是正确答案只有一个。凭什么答案是ABD，而不是ADB呢?这个其实就是一个思维的问题了。我们再说话的时候，有深度优先(一件事没说完，不要说另一件事，教科书式的说话方式)也有广度优先(先介绍框架，再介绍下一集框架，做设计是常用的思维方式)。那么，大家想一下，出题人一般是喜欢深度优先，还是广度优先呢?对，出题人不是设计师，一般喜欢深度优先，即一件事没说完，不要说另一件事。所以，分析一下，CE选项说的是警察局长遇到的困惑，然后呢?AB是他失败的努力，最后D和F接的是他开始求助。

　　只有深入分析正确答案以后，才能得出出题人在本文的逻辑。

　　这种模棱两可但是有着“最对答案”的思维逻辑在2014、2015、2016和2017年的阅读(A)真题中都出现了，而想要找到这类答案，练习这种思维，建议考生在初期复习时，可涉猎一些2001年以前的阅读真题，那个时候的真题比较绕，不直接，有“最对答案”，爱玩文字游戏。此外，也可以在中国学位网上下载同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试的真题，也可以训练这种思维。

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