三、反身代词
反身代词在句中作宾语、表语和同位语,使用时注意反身代词与其指代对象在人称、数和性上保持一致。
例句: According to one belief, if truth is to be known, it will make itself apparent, so one had better wait instead of searching for it. (2001年第3题)
分析: 该句是复合句,其中had better+ do意为“最好做某事”。
译文: 按照一种观点,真理若想众人皆知,真理就应该显而易见,所以人们最好是等待而不是去探寻它。
例句: Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to avail myself of every chance to improve my English. (1999年第35题)
分析: 该句是简单句。avail oneself of...意为“利用(机会等)”。
译文: 我敬爱的导师怀特教授经常提醒我抓住每个机会提高英语水平。
例句: The house belongs to myself.(作介词宾语)
You yourself did wrong to him.(作同位语)
四、相互代词
相互代词只有each other和one another两种,通常前者表示两者之间的相互关系,后者表示两者以上的人或事物之间的相互关系。
例句: Language, culture, and personality may be considered independently of each other in thought,but they are inseparable in fact. (1996年第31题)
分析: 该句是由but引导的并列句。
译文: 在意识形态中,语言、文化和个性可能被认为是相互独立的,但事实上它们是不可分割的。
例句: In Europe, as elsewhere, multimedia groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. (2005年第47题)
分析: 该句是复合句。句子主干为multimedia groups have been increasingly successful groups。定语从句which bring together...修饰groups,其中television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses作bring的宾语,即bring...together, 另一个定语从句that work in relation to one another修饰其前面的几个名词。
译文: 在欧洲,像在其他地方一样,传媒集团扩张越来越成功,这些集团将相关的电视、 广播、报纸、杂志和出版社组合在一起。
注意: 相互代词的所有格形式为each others,one anothers,其后接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式,不能接单数可数名词。
五、指示代词
(一)this,that和these,those
指示代词this和that的复数形式分别为these和those,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语,this和these表示较近的空间或时间,that和those表示较远的空间和时间。
例句: In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women pursuing this field is climbing.
分析: 该句是并列句。
译文: 过去林业工人多半是男人,可如今从事这一行业的妇女人数在增加。
例句: We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. (2004年第62题)
分析: 该句是复合句,主句为We are obliged to them。because引导一个状语从句,定语从句who spoke them修饰the peoples,as引导的句子可以看做插入语,补充说明 some of these languages have since vanished的原因。
译文: 我们之所以感激他们(两位先驱),是因为在此以后,这些语言中有一些已经不复存在了,这是由于使用这些语言的民族或是消亡了,或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。
(二)指示代词that和those也可用于比较结构,表示前面提到的东西,避免重复
例句: The number of registered participants in this years marathon was half that of last years. (1996年第7题)
分析: 该句是简单句,本句的主语是单数名词number,因此后面指代它的代词只能是单数that,谓语用单数。
译文: 今年登记参加马拉松赛跑的人数是去年的一半。
例句: His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. (2006年第47题)
分析: 该句是复合句,主句为His function is analogous to that of a judge。定语从句who must accept...修饰a judge,介词短语in as obvious a matter as possible作状语,用来说明reveal的方式,另一个定语从句which led him to his decision修饰the course of reasoning。
译文: 他的职责与法官相似,必须承担这样的责任: 用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己作出决定的推理过程。
例句: These bunches of flowers are more beautiful than those we bought yesterday.
译文: 这些束花比昨天我们买的那些花漂亮多了。
(三)指示代词such在句中作主语、表语和定语
例句: Such is what you want me to do.
Such are the meanings of authentic love.
(such作表语时,往往置于句首)
注意: such用作定语时和副词so的区别在前面副词一节中已提到。
(四)指示代词same的用法
在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,其前与定冠词the连用。
例句: Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. (选自1996年Cloze Test)
分析: 该句是复合句。
译文: 因为是由同样的元素构成——通常是碳、氢、氧,有时还有氮,所以各种维生素都很相似。
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