上海外国语大学2005年考研英语语言文学专业翻译试题及答案

　　Confucius says, “Out of three men, there must be one that can teach me.” So pupils are not necessarily inferior to their teachers, nor teachers better than their  pupils. Some  learn the truth earlier than others, and some have special skills—that is all.”

　　A similar idea is expressed  by the following well-known  passage  quoted from  Xueji  (The Subject of Education), a chapter of the ancient book Liji (The Book of Rites): “However nice the food may be, if one does not eat it, he does not know its taste; however perfect the doctrine may be, if one does not learn it, he does not know its value. Therefore, when he learns, one knows his own  deficiencies; when he teaches,  one  knows where the difficulty lies.  After he  knows  his deficiencies, one is able to examine himself; after he knows where the difficulty lies, one is able to improve himself. Hence, ‘teaching and  learning  help  each other;’  as it is said  in  Yue Ming,‘Teaching  is  the  half  of  learning.’”  The  above  quote  from  Liji,  which  lays  emphasis  on self-examination  and  self-improvement,  is  less  thoroughgoing  than  what  Han  Yu  says  about education. Nevertheless, its remarks such as "When he teaches one  knows where the  difficulty lies,” “Teaching benefits teachers as well as pupils” and “Teaching is the  half of learning” (a quotation meaning  teaching and  learning are  opposite and complementary to each  other) all remain irrefutable to this day.

　　The new relationship between teacher and pupil should be that of, in the words of Han Yu,
“not (being) ashamed to learn from each other.” That is to say, teacher and pupil should teach each other and learn from each other. They should teach each other as equals regardless of seniority, so that, as Han Yu says, “whoever knows the truth can be a teacher.”

　　 英译汉参考译文

　　在我的窗外，夜正在挣扎着醒过来；  在月光下黯然无色的花园如此生动地梦见它那失 去的色彩。用石灰水刷白的墙在深蓝色的天空的衬托下显得明亮。房屋的粉墙凛冽地使明月 的光辉回荡。那是一轮满月。
月来是块石头；但它是块极为神圣的石头。或者说得更确切些，月亮是块能使男人和女 人对它产生神圣感情，或者由于它才具有神圣感情的石头。这样，有柔和的月光，它能给我 们以超越理解能力的安宁。有寒冷而严峻的月光，它向灵魂倾诉它的寂寞和绝对的孤独，它 的微不足道和肮脏不洁。有多情的月光，它使人去爱，——不但爱个人，而且有时甚至爱整 个宇宙。但月亮除了通过眼睛和窗户照进心灵外，还照在身体上。月亮直接影响灵魂；但它 还能够通过难以理解而迂回曲折的途径——通过血液——影响灵魂。人类中半数的人明显地 服从于月亮的节奏而生活着；还有证据表明，不仅女人的生理生活和精神生活，而且男人的 生理生活和精神生活，都是神秘地随着月亮的盈缺而消长。因此会出现没有理由的喜悦，莫 名其妙的痛苦和毫无原因的欢笑和悔恨。这些突然而荒诞的交替变化构成我们通常的情绪变 化。这些情绪是血液和体液的产物，但血液和体液听从许多主人的指挥，主人中也包括不断 盈缺的月亮。月亮通过眼睛直接和灵魂接触，沿着血液的神秘渠道间接和灵魂接触，因此月 亮是双重的神。

　　我们即使把月亮想象为仅仅是一块石头，也会发现它的石头性质是个潜在的神。一块变 冷了的石头。一块没有空气环绕，不含水分的石头。它预示我们的地球在未来的形象，那时 距离现在有几百万年，那时衰老的太阳已经丧失它养育万物的能力…...如此等等。这段文章 能够很容易地拉长——成为一篇华而不实的作品。但我要克制。让每一位读者按照他自己的 品味去尽量填加修辞的色彩吧。无论如何，华丽也罢，不华丽也罢，那块石头仍然是——石 头性质。你无法长时间地想这块石头而不发现自己受到这种或那种本质上是神圣的情思的干 扰。这些情思属于彼此不同而又互为补充的两大类之一：人类渺小的情思和人类伟大的情思。