Passage Three 

     Emotion is a feeling about or reaction to certain important events or thoughts.  People enjoy feeling such pleasant emotions as love, happiness, and contentment. They  often try to avoid feeling unpleasant emotions, such as loneliness, worry, and grief. 
     Individuals communicate most of their emotions by means of words, a variety of  sounds, facial expressions, and gestures. For example, anger causes many people to  frown, make a fist, and yell. People learn ways of showing some of their emotions from  members of their society, though heredity (遗传) may determine some emotional  behavior. Research has shown that different isolated peoples show emotions by means  of similar facial expressions. 

     Charles Darwin, famous for the theory of natural selection, also studied emotion.  Darwin said in 1872 that emotional behavior originally served both as an aid to survival  and as a method of communicating intentions. According to the James-Lange theory of  emotions developed in the 1880s, people feel emotions 0nly if aware of their own  internal physical reactions to events, such as increased heart rate or blood pressure. But  this theory was not upheld:by research on cats that had their nervous system damaged.  The cats could not feel their body's internal changes, but they showed normal emotional    behavior. John B. Watson, an American psychologist who helped found the school of 
psychology called behaviorism, observed that babies stimulated by certain events  showed three basic emotions - fear, anger, and love. Watson's view has been challenged  frequently since he proposed it in 1919. 

     The most widely accepted view is that emotions occur as a complex sequence of  events. The sequence begins when a persOn encounters an important event or thought.  The person's interpretation of the encounter determines the feeling that is likely to  follow. For example, someone who encounters a bear in the woods would probably  interpret the event as dangerous. The sense of danger would cause the individual to feel  fear. Each feeling is followed by physical changes and desires to take action, which are  responses to the event that started the sequence. Thus, a person who met a bear would  probably run away.  Several American psychologists independently developed the theory that there are  eight basic emotions. These emotions - which can exist at various levels ofin'fensity -  are anger, fear, joy, sadness, acceptance, disgust, surprise, and interest or curiosity. They  combine to form all other emotions, just as certain basic colors produce all others. 

41. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that those who are born blind 

　　A. have emotions different from those of sighted persons 

　　B. depend only on words to express their feelings 

　　C. have some facial expressions like those of sighted persons 

　　D. seldom communicate with other people by means of gestures 

42. The James-Lange theory of emotions 

　　A. overlooked internal physical reactions 

　　B. faced a challenge from counter evidence 

　　C. exaggerated the function of stimulating events 

　　D. offered a narrow interpretation of emotions 

43. In the sequence of events for emotions to occur, which is next to the encounter of an  important event? 

　　A, Interpretation made.             B. Responses produced. 

　　C. Feeling stimulated.              D. Action taken. 

44. Emotions are compared to colors because 

　　A. they are classified in a similar way 

　　B. they have the same influence on people's life 

　　C. both of them may take on different forms 

　　D. both of them may have basic elements mixed in them 

45. The main purpose of this writingis to 

　　A. arouse readers' interest in emotional behaviors 

　　B. help readers enjoy pleasant emotions 

　　C. outline the development of theories about emotions 

　　D. analyze various emotions and physical changes 

Passage Four 

       When foreigners are sometimes asked what seems most strange about American  society, somewhere on the top of the list will be the fact that the average citizen is   allowed to possess guns. 

      Although it is true that many people carry guns legally in the United States, it is   also known that many who possess guns Carry them illegally. Others, who don't have   guns, feel that guns can be acquired quite easily. A recent survey indicated that many  high school students, especially in the inner cities, can acquire a gun with little  difficulty. 

      Although most people would never want to own a gun, others have taken up  hunting as a sport and enjoy hunting wild game in scion. Hunting for deer and duck in  fall and winter is very much a part of the American culture. 

      Also, some farmers in rural areas who raise cattle and sheep feel they need to  protect their animals against wolves that attack their herds and flocks at night. To defend  and support their rights to possess firearms the National Rifle Association (NRA) was  founded in 1871. The main importance of this organization has been its efforts to  prevent strict gun control legislation. The NRA has great political support in small  towns and rural areas, especially in the West and the South, where hunting is especially  popular. Those who favor the fight to possess guns insist that the Constitution provides  the right of people "to keep and bear arms." They believe that gun control laws will not  solve the problem of crime and violence in America. 

      Recent events in America; however; have ~shown that the question of gun  possession is now out of control and strong voices have called for immediate action to  be taken. In seemingly peaceful schools students have gone into classrooms and opened  fire upon their classmates. America has been shocked by such incidents which seem to occur with greater frequency. The periodic deaths of innocent citizens and even foreign  visitors from guns have forced legislators to pass laws to stop these senseless killings. 

     The day may not be far off when America will be transformed from a gun culture  to one which controls their use and possession. 

46. What is most unusual about American society?  

　　A. Ordinary people can possess guns legally. 

　　B. Many Americans acquire guns illegally. 

　　C. The average citizen does not try to possess guns. 

　　D. Many school children carry guns legally. 

47. Some Americans defend their possession of guns by arguing that 

　　A. deer and duck reproduce too quickly in the country 

　　B. herds and flocks bother farmers at night 

　　C. hunting is part of the American way of life 

　　D. wolves threaten people's lives in rural areas 

48. The National Rifle Association was established to 

　　A. help strengthen gun control laws  

　　B. unite people who possess guns 

　　C. defend Americans' right to possess guns 

　　D. solve the problem of crime and violence 

49. Gun possession has become a hot issue in the US because it is 

　　A. gathering political support 

　　B. becoming increasingly restricted 

　　C. threatening endangered species 

　　D. causing serious problems 

50. The author'sattitude towards the US gun culture is 

　　A. positive                       B. negative 

　　C. indifferent                     D. neutral 

Part IV  Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points) 

     Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered  blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your  answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 
   One of the most convenient and cheapest ways to see America is by riding a  Greyhound bus. This interstate bus system connects all major cities in the United  States,   51   people with frequent and convenient service. The bus system even has  an international service   52   makes connection with cities in Canada and Mexico. 

     Its network even extends to some of the smaller towns and out-of-the-way  communities  53  the great interior of the country. Traveling by bus may   54   longer  than flying by plane, but the terminals are located in the center of mostcities and there  is   55   to the downtown area. 

     These buses are comfortable and air-conditioned. They are all equipped with  toilets in the rear to   56   the convenience of the passengers, but there are some  very severe  57   of conduct which are strictly enforced. On all buses   58   is  forbidden and the consumption of alcoholic drinks is not allowed.  59   bus travel may not be suited to everyone's taste, it affords budget travelers  the   60   to see America in comfort and safety and at a leisurely unhurried pace. 

51. A. providing       B. giving       C. offering     D. favoring 

52. A. which          B. what        C. who        D. such 

53. A. for            B. along       C. from        D. in 

54. A. spend          B. use         C. take        D. consume 

55. A. fast way       B. easy access  C. short path    D. direct approach 

56. A. keep up        B. result in     C. look after    D. add to 

57. A. rules           B. terms       C. clauses      D. points 

58. A. to smoke       B. smoking     C. smoke      D. smoker 

59. A. As            B. Whether    C. Although    D. However 

60. A. chance         B. money      C. time        D. occasion 

                    英语试卷二      

　　Part V Translation  (30 minutes，10 points) 

　　Part VI Writing    (30 minutes，15 points) 

　　on the ANSWER SHEET. 

       Getting a proper amount of rest is absolutely essential for building your energy   resources. If you frequently work far into the night or have a poor sleep, it stands to  reason that you may start to feel a little run down. Though everybody is different, most  people need at least seven to eight hours of sleep per night in order to function at their 

 best. 

      If you have been lacking energy, try going to bed earlier at night. If you can wake  up feeling well-rested, it will be an indication that you are starting to get an appropriate  amount of sleep at night. If you sleep more than eight hours every night but still don't  feel energetic, you may actually be getting too much sleep. 

      Once in a while, you are bound to have nights where you don't get an adequate  amount of sleep. When your schedule permits you can also consider taking a short sleep  during the day, for sometimes taking a nap is the perfect way to recharge-your batteries. 

Part VI  Writing (30 minutes, 15 points) 

     Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words on the topic "Entering  College: Help the Needy Youngsters to Achieve Their Dreams". Your composition  should be based on the Chinese clues given below. 

  中央电视台“圆梦行动”的公益节目旨在动员社会力量捐助贫困学子圆大学之梦。你的作文可以： 
  1)对贫困学子是否应受到捐助发表你的看法；或者
  2)举一个贫困学子需要帮助的例子。 

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