III. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each)

　　从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择题中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

　　Passage One

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

　　The term “flying saucer” refers to strange objects traveling through the earth’s atmosphere at very high speeds. Thousands of people all over the world claim to have seen them. Some believe them to be spaceships from other planets. Others insist that they are a secret type of aircraft being built on earth. Many people maintain that they are only natural phenomena happening under special temperature, light, or weather conditions. All reports, however, agree that the strange objects move at extremely high speeds and fail to follow the laws of motion by reversing (逆转) direction instantly without slowing down.

　　In the United States, the first flying saucers were reported on June 4, 1947, by a private plane pilot. He saw nine objects traveling in the sky. Each was disk-shaped and very bright. Because their movements were compared to those of a “saucer skimming across the water”, newspaper reporters called them “flying saucers”.

　　Some weeks after the first reported sighting, the United States Air Force was given the job of investigating all the reports of flying saucers. Because of the confusing variety of shapes, sizes, and colors reported, the Air Force adopted the term Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO) to describe them.

　　Since the Air Force officials began their investigation of flying saucers, they have identified most of the objects as stars, planes, man-made satellites, experimental missiles (导弹), or weather phenomena. Some of the UFO reports, including photographs, were deliberate (蓄意) tricks made to cheat people.

　　All the research so far has failed to prove that UFOs are spaceships coming from outside the earth. Most investigators agree, however, that more study is needed before the question of whether or not flying saucers really exist can be answered.

　　21. The term “flying saucer” is generally used to refer to .

　　A. spaceships from other planets

　　B. a secret type of aircraft being built

　　C. some natural phenomena

　　D. strange objects flying very fast in the sky.

　　22. The first flying saucers got their name .

　　A. from a private plane pilot who saw them

　　B. for their brightness in color

　　C. because they looked like disks moving in the air

　　D. because they skimmed across the water

　　23. The Air Force preferred the term UFO because .

　　A. newspaper reporters used it

　　B. the term “flying saucer” was very confusing

　　C. UFO is a general term that can refer to a larger variety of objects

　　D. The Air Force didn’t find any objects that looked like flying saucers.

　　24. All the research has failed to identify any UFOs as .

　　A. man-made satellites

　　B. aircraft

　　C. experimental missiles

　　D. spaceships sent from other planets

　　25. From this passage we know that .

　　A. the US Air Force was the first reporter of flying saucers.

　　B. The term UFO was first used by the us Air Force investigators

　　C. UFOs are not worth further investigation

　　D. The question of whether there exist flying saucers has already been answered

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

　　The American educator Horace Mann once said:” as an apple is not in any proper sense an apple until it is ripe, so a human being is not in any proper sense a human being until he is educated.” Education is the process through which man attempts to pass on to his children his hard-won wisdom and his ideals of a better world. This process begins shortly after birth, as parents seek to train the infant to behave as his culture demands. Schooling, or formal education, consists of experiences that are carefully planned to help young people learn what adults consider important for them to know and how they should respond to choices.

　　While almost everyone accepts the goal of developing skills in the three R’s --- reading, writing and arithmetic --- it often seems impossible to reach agreement on any goal beyond that. In the broadest terms, the conflict over educational goals can be viewed as a conflict between two groups of people --- conservatives and liberals (自由派).

　　The conservatives tend to identify a desirable education with the transmission of the cultural knowledge, offering courses featuring the three R’s at the elementary level and academic (普通文化课的) studies or strong vocational (职业的) or business courses in the secondary school. They stress training of the mind and development of abilities.

　　The liberals tend to be interested in the development of the “whole child,” not merely in training his mind or in preparing him for adult life in a remote future. They emphasize rich, meaningful school living in the present, and they view subject matter as a resource for total human development rather than as a goal in itself. They believe that content should be acquired not for its own sake but as a means of encouraging thought and inquiry.

　　26. What Horace Mann means is that ______.

　　A education is essential for man’s growth

　　B an apple is delicious only when it is ripe

　　C a man is like a child without proper education

　　D education can be compared to the growth of an apple tree

　　27. At school, children ____.

　　A find it hard to win wisdom

　　B have choices in what they learn

　　C are taught what adults select for them to learn

　　D learn how they should respond to teachers’ questions

　　28. The three R’s does not include _______.

　　A arithmetic

　　B writing

　　C reading

　　D reasoning

　　29. It’s most unlikely that the conservatives should emphasize ________.

　　A the teaching of basic cultural knowledge

　　B courses in three R’s in the elementary school

　　C courses such as modern physics and marketing at the secondary level

　　D the development of the student as an individual person

　　30. The liberals hold that ________.

　　A the goal of school education is mainly to prepare students for adult life

　　B teaching activities should be rich and meaningful to the students

　　C course content should be learned and remembered for future use

　　D book knowledge is the only resource for learning

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