Ⅱ. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of vocabulary by notion; 2) types of morphemes; 3) sense relations and 4) types of idioms. (10% )
A B
( ) 31. rich/well-to-do/poor A. contradictory term of antonym
( ) 32. call it a day B. superordinate/subordinate
( ) 33. sow v. to scatter seeds/sow n. female adult pig C. homograph
( ) 34. recollection/idealistic D. idiom nominal in nature
( ) 35. employer/employee E. notional words
( ) 36. without/behind F. relative term of antonym
( ) 37. fish/herring G. bound morphemes
( ) 38. cut and dried H. free morphemes
( ) 39. watch/teach I. idiom verbal in nature
( ) 40. brain trust J. idiom adjectival in nature
Ⅲ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
41. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.
42. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic change and ______.
43. ______ morphemes are chiefly found in derived words.
44. Prefixes only modify the ______ of the stem.
45. Lexical ______ of a word has two components: conceptual meaning and associative meaning.
46. In dictionaries, a ______ has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries.
47. Indeed, it often happens that a word is retained for a name though the meaning has changed because the ______ has changed.
48. The sentence “I lost Betty's picture.” is ambiguous due to ______.
49. Based on the criterion of ______ functions, idioms may be classified into five groups.
50. Encyclopedic dictionaries have the characteristics of both ______ dictionaries and encyclopedia.
Ⅳ. Define the following terms. (10%)
51. word
52. clipping
53. onomatopoeic
54. synchronic approach
55. desk dictionaries
Ⅴ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )
56. Why, in modern English, were word endings mostly lost with just a few exceptions?
57. What are the differences between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?
58. How do you account for the semantic change in the living languages?
59. What are contextual clues? Find out the meanings of the words in bold type and tell what contextual clues have helped you in arriving at the meanings.
A. Do you know the architect? He designed St. Paul's Cathedral.
B. The book was only published posthumously, for the author had been dead for three years already.
C. It is undesirable to write with too many parentheses, a pair of brackets round word or phrases.
Ⅵ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)
60. Analyze and comment on the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the extra-linguistic factors, each with example word(s) given below.
pen, atom
churl
copperhead
61. Analyze and comment on the fundamental difference between the processes of radiation and concatenation with the words neck and treacle.
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