2009年7月自学考试《英语国家概况》试题

　　36. ______ was elected president because in the late 1970s, the American society turned conservative.

　　A. Ronald Reagan                                     B. Jimmy Carter

　　C. Richard M. Nixon                               D. George Bush

　　37. In America, the two major parties are really not very different today. But on economic issues, the ______ traditionally favors government intervention while the ______ stresses the role of the market more.

　　A. Democratic Party, Republican Party

　　B. Republican Party, Democratic Party

　　C. Whig Party, Democratic Party

　　D. Whig Party, Republican Party

　　38. According to the Constitution, the American President must take care that all laws be faithfully executed. To carry out this responsibility, he presides over ______ of the federal government.

　　A. the legislative branch                                B. the executive branch

　　C. the judicial branch                                    D. the American Congress

　　39. According to the American Constitution, the Vice President shall be President of ______.

　　A. the Senate                                               B. the Congress

　　C. the House of Representatives                D. the Cabinet

　　40. The six goals set by President Bush in his "America 2000" Plan are all the following EXCEPT ______.

　　A. eliminating drugs and violence from the school

　　B. improving the nation’s high-school graduation rate to at least 80%

　　C. requiring students to demonstrate competency in English, mathematics, science, history and geography

　　D. ensuring that all adult Americans were literate

　　41. Although relatively small in area, Ireland is large enough to show distinct regional variations in ______.

　　A. climate                                              B. ethnic minorities

　　C. religion                                              D. language

　　42. Ireland’s population has been ______ during the past 100 years.

　　A. stable                                                 B. increasing

　　C. on decline                                          D. doubled

　　43. New Zealand is about 1,500 km to the ______.

　　A. northeast of Australia                      B. southeast of Australia

　　C. northwest of Australia                    D. southwest of Australia

　　44. The first British settlers came to New Zealand in 1840 through ______, and they hoped to start model colonies by planned migration.

　　A. the New Zealand Company                B. the British East India Company

　　C. a private immigration agency              D. the Dutch East India Company

　　45. Canada is bounded on the north by ______, on the west by ______, and on the east by ______.

　　A. the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean

　　B. Antarctica, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean

　　C. the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean

　　D. Antarctica, the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean

　　46. In 1971, the Canadian Government adopted a policy of ______, recognizing that cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework was the essence of the Canadian identity.

　　A. unilingualism                            B. multilingualism

　　C. biculturalism                            D. multiculturalism

　　47. According to the new federal Immigration Act (1978), the following are the fundamental objectives of Canadian immigration law EXCEPT ______.

　　A. family reunion

　　B. concern for refugees

　　C. promotion of the economic development of the country

　　D. preservation of British culture

　　48. Which of the following is the longest river in Australia?

　　A. The Murray.                          B. The Clutha.

　　C. The Swan River.                    D. The Shannon River.

　　49. The following animals are unique to Australia EXCEPT ______.

　　A. kangaroos                               B. emus

　　C. budgerigars                             D. koalas

　　50. The dominant aspect of Aboriginal culture was ______.

　　A. rock paintings and story-telling

　　B. religious ceremonies

　　C. the Dreamtime

　　D. the balance between the people and their environment

　　II. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each)

　　Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.

　　51. What is the cause of the decline of the British Empire?

　　52. Why is the English Civil War also called the Puritan Revolution?

　　53. What dose the British Parliament consist of?

　　54. Why did the American Civil War break out?

　　55. What are the two special powers of the Senate in America?

　　56. Why is the board of trustees which governs American colleges and universities composed primarily of laymen?

　　57. Under what treaty was modern New Zealand founded?

　　58. What happened to the French colony after the Seven Years’ War between Britain and France?

　　59. What happened after the English king was declared the head of the Church of Ireland, replacing the Pope?

　　60. How many political divisions are there in Australia? What are they?

　　III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each)

　　Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words.

　　61. NHS

　　62. Whigs and Tories

　　63. Electoral College

　　64. "Manifest Destiny"