11. In the 1970s, Krashen's distinction between language acquisition and language learning and his ______ aroused widespread interest.

　　A. cognitive theory

　　B. Monitor Model theory

　　C. schema theory

　　D. whole-person learning theory

　　12. The criticism by those advocating the Communicative Approach was that teaching language with its focus on grammar produced structurally competent students who were often incompetent ______.

　　A. communicatively

　　B . in society

　　C. in interpreting

　　D. lexically

　　13. The neogrammarians, represented by______, formed the main linguistic basis of the Direct Method.

　　A. W. M. Wundt

　　B. J.A. Comenius

　　C. F.Gouin

　　D. Hermann Paul

　　14. In Krashen's view, acquisition refers to the ______ process leading to the development of competence and is not dependent on the teaching of grammatical rules.

　　A. conscious

　　B. unconscious

　　C. overconscious

　　D. subconscious

　　15. Who advocates the Total Physical Response Method?

　　A. J. Asher.

　　B. C. Gattegno.

　　C. C. A. Curran.

　　D.G. Lozanov.

　　16. In both the Direct Method and the Oral Approach, grammar is taught ______.

　　A. deductively

　　B. inductively

　　C. positively

　　D. negatively

　　17. In a Natural Approach class, which of the following is NOT an acquisition activity?

　　A. Affective-humanistic activity.

　　B. Problem-solving activity.

　　C. Content activity.

　　D. Translation activity.

　　18. Of the nine fundamental principles of good language teaching and learning proposed by Palmer, ______ is the first and most important.

　　A. vocabulary buildup

　　B. phonetic practice

　　C. habit formation

　　D. grammar acquisition

　　19. In the Oral Approach, the teacher does NOT perform the role of a ______.

　　A. model

　　B. manipulator

　　C. monitor

　　D. commander

　　20. The Direct Method emerged as a result of ______ in the 19th century.

　　A. classroom instruction

　　B. mass production

　　C. communicative needs

　　D. language teaching innovations