5. Would there be any possibility of having breakfast on the train before we are decantedin Munich ？
A.当我们在慕尼黑被腾出车厢之前有任何在火车上吃早饭的可能性吗？
B.我们在慕尼黑被腾出车厢之前，有可能在火车上吃早饭吗？
6. He had about as much chance of getting a job as of being chosen mayor of Chicago.A.他找到工作的机会和当选芝加哥市长的机会差不多B.他找到工作的机会简直跟当选芝加哥市长同样困难。
C.他找到工作的机会简直微乎其微。
正说与反说
1.The administration was free corruption. 这届政府没有腐败现象
2. Wet paint. 油漆未干
3.I remained confused about the problem.这个问题我还是不懂
4. They are dependent on each other.他们谁也离不开谁
5. He is far from what I expected.他远不是我想象的那样。
6. let bygones be bygones.既往不咎
7. As was expected， he passed the exam easily. 果不出所料，他轻而易举地通过了考试
8.We will live up to what our Patty expects of us.我们决不辜负党对我们的期望。
9. I hate the lack of privacy in the dorrnitory.我讨厌宿舍里没有独处的机会。
10. You evidently think otherwise.你显然有不同的看法
11. He will die of hunger before he will steal. 他宁愿饿死，也不愿去偷。
12. That little bridge is anything but safe.那座桥一点也不安全。
13. So far from taking my advice， he went and did just what I warned in ~ainit.他不但不听我的劝告，反而去做了我警告他不要做的事情。
14. He was more frightened than hurt. 他没有受什么伤，倒是受惊不小
正说
15. Don't unstring your shoes.把鞋带系上
16. Ml the teachers ， without exception are to attend the meet Sunday. 所有的老师都要参加星期五的会议。
17. She carne into the room without shoes on. 她光脚走进了房间。
18. The doctor lost no tune in getting the sick man to hospital.医生立即把病人送往医院。
19. I have no doubt that you will succeed.我相信你会成功。
20. It's no distance at all to the school ， only a short walk. 从这到学校很近，只需要很短一段路。
正、反说分析
21.If he had kept his temper， the negotiations would probably have been a success.如果他克制脾气，谈判可能早就成功了。
22.Some people refrain from expressing their gratitude because they feel it will notbe welcome. 有些人不愿意表达他们的感激之情，因为觉得着有可能不受欢迎。
23. If you forward the transcripts yourself ， they can be considered official onlyif the school envelope has remained sealed. 如果证件由申请人本人递交，则本人不得擅自启封，否则证件将被视为无效。
24. We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我们对生活要永远抱乐观的态度。
25. We strongly disapprove of the company' s new policy.我们强烈反对公司的新政策。
拆句单词拆译26.Incidentally ， I suggest that you have the telephone moved to thesitting-room. 顺便说一句，我建议你把电话移至起居室。
27.He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.他有个习惯叫人受不了，意思反复不定，一会一个主张。
短语拆译28. Throughout his life ， Benjamin Franklin continued his education， learningfrom human contacts as well as from books.本杰明。富兰克林整个一生都在受教育，他不仅从书本中学习，而且也从与人交往中学习。
29. Energy can neither he created nor destroyed ， a universally accepted law.能量即不能创造也不能消灭，这是一条公认的规律。
30. The meeting ended with protestations of friendship from everyone. 会议结束，人人表示彼此将友好相处。
31. His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.因为他没能遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。
32. His weak chest predisposes him to winter colds. 他的肺部很弱，冬天容易感冒。
33.He shook his head and his eyes were wide ， then narowed in in-dignation.他摇了摇头，两眼睁的圆圆的，接着有眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神情。
句子拆译这里主要指英语复合句，尤其是长句的拆译。
34. He had left a note of welcome for me， as sunny as his face.他留下一封段信，对我表示欢迎，那信写的热情洋溢，一如其人。
35. While I was waiting to enter university ， I saw advertised in a local newspapera teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. 当我等着进大学期间，我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告，说是在离我住处大约10英里的伦敦某郊区，有所学校要招聘一名教师。
顺序法
36. Your presumption that I would want to share a flat with you is false. 你认为我会和你同住一套公寓，那就错了 .
37.Researchers have established that when people are mentally en-gaged， biochemicalchanges occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive （认知的） areassuch as attention and memory. 研究人员证实：人们在动脑筋时，头脑会产生很多的变化，使头脑在注意力和记忆力这类认知领域中更有效地活动
38. During the ice ages ， human beings exposed to the colder temperatures of thetime would often make their homes in caves. 在冰河时代，人们面临当时较为寒冷的气温，常常在洞穴里安家。
逆序法
39. It was extended and preserved in the 19th century ， when our nation spread acrossthe continent ， saved the union， and abolished the awful scourge of slavery.在19世纪，我们的国家横跨大陆，拯救了联邦，废除了恐怖的奴隶制的蹂躏，这一信念才得以流传可扩展。
40.By January 16， just a month after the beginning of the offensive on which Hitlerhad staked his last reserves in men and guns and ammunition ， the German forces were backto line from which they had set out.到1 月16日，德军又回到了他们当初出击的战线，这恰好是希特勒把他最后的兵力、大炮、弹药储备孤注一掷、发动进攻的一个月之后。
41. Five score years ago， a great American ， in whose symbolic shadow we stand by，signed the Emancipation Proclamation. 100 年前，一位伟人签署了《奴隶解放宣言》，今天，我们正是站在这位伟人富有象征意义的雕象下集会。
变序法（综合法）
42. Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me？
我有个问题弄不懂，想请教你，你能回答吗？
43. He had cleared up those confusions which arose from different medicines that hadthe same name and from various names that had been given to the same substance. 药名混乱，有的由于不同药物同一名称所引起，而有的则由于同一药物不同名称所造成，他对此一一作了澄清。
44. One teacher writes that instead of drowning students' compositions in criticalred ink ， the teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two thingswhich have been done better than last time， and commenting favorably on them.一位老师这样写到：如果我们能从学生作文中找出一两处比上次做的更好的地方，并提出表扬性评语，而不是用红墨水把学生的作文批改的一塌糊涂，我们就能从中的更富有建设性的结果。
45. Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcendsthe virtue of uttering the truth for truth'5 sake ， and that is as far as possible do noharm. 我们的职业传统上格守一个信条，那就是尽可能的不造成伤害，这一信条胜过为讲真话而讲真话的美德。
46. The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday electionresults that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat，which in the end would deprive the Republican Patty of Tong-held superiority in the House.在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统就此发了言。他说他无法解释为何共和党遭到如此大的失败。这种情况最终使共和党在众议院中失去了长期享有的优势。
为何要拆句？
47.Literature offers us the knowledge of the long life which phobia have had in mankind.文献让我们了解到，恐惧症在人类中具有漫长的历史。
48.What is good ， I suppose， is that many people a"e concerned about TV' s influenceand that we have the power to change what we don' t like. 我看，好在有许多人关心电视的影响，而我们也有能力改变我们所不喜欢的东西。
英汉互译时的词序问题I.两种语言的总体比较：一方面，英汉两种语言都是按照事物发展的客观规律进行的，因而有其共同点，例如：In order to communicate thoughts and feelings ， peopleinvented a conventional system of signs or symbols which mean the same to the sender and thereceiver. （为了更好的交流思想和感情，人们设计出了通常用的标记和符号系统，而这标记和符号交流双方都能看的懂。）
以上的几个例句在英汉两种语言里的词序都是一样的；而除此以外，还存在着很多不同点。另一方面，两种语言又有许多不同点。下面就英汉两种语言的不同点进行比较：汉语比较注重事物发展的客观顺序，先发生什么，后发生什么，结果怎样，最后才加上作者的评论和观点，不管有多少动词都可以并列、排比使用，不会出现词法、句法等的冲突 .主题显著，突出主题，而非单单的一个主语，注重句子的“意和”，这就要求我们透过句子的表层结构，深入到句子的内涵，先抓“整体”印象，充分理解过以后再把原文的意思形象翻译出来。
而英语则不然，英语突出主语，往往是评论、观点在前，叙述、原因在后；表面形式上追求句子的“形和”，对句子的结构要求非常严谨，特别强调句子结构的平衡，往往借助于句法、词法（如主从句、分词、不定式等手段）来维持句子表面上的平衡、完整性，极力避免句子的“头重脚轻”（因此，也就出现了许多“it is said that …”等等无主句）。所以，英文则是把作者的观点、主张放在前面，以后再跟着原因、结果和目的等等从句。这些现象在新闻英语里尤其明显，难怪有人说，“汉语的句子结构好比一根竹子，一节一节地连下去，而英语的句子结构好比一窜葡萄，主杆可能很短，累累的果实附着在上面。”具体情况如下：
II. 英汉互译时的时间顺序对比：1.The old-fashioned general store is fast disappearing.Thisis， perhaps， a pity ，because shopping today seems to lack that personal element which existedwhen shop keeper knew all his regular customers personally. 旧时的百货店很快就消失了。过去，店主私下里都认识他的老主顾们，而在今天这种事情再也不复存在了，这实在是太可惜了。
2.American education owes a great deal to Tomas Jefferson ……
托马斯。杰弗逊为美国的教育作出了很大的贡献。
下面的句子属倒装句型，是典型的英汉在翻译时的顺序差异：
1.Under the dust was a color map of Paris.（巴黎地图上布满了灰尘。）
2.Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday. （卡片上“生日快乐”字样的下面写着一条消息。）
正是由于以上的原因，才会出现两种语言在思维习惯、逻辑推理上的不同：
III.英汉互译时逻辑思维顺序上的差异：如上所述，如果一个句子里既有叙事的部分，又有表态的部分，在汉语里往往是叙事在前，表态在后，叙事部分可以很长，表态部分一般都很短。而在英语里则往往相反，表态在前，叙事在后。例如：1.表原因：a ……I am very happy and grateful to receiveyour message of greetings.接到你们的贺函，我十分愉快和感谢。
不过，处理这种句行时要注意英汉互译时的顺序问题，例如：
My friend asked the question when I told him that I didn't want to be considered foran administrative position. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a "stepup" toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up： money and power. 所有美国人受的教育就是：长大成人后应该追求金钱和权力，而我却偏偏不要明明是朝这个目标 "迈进" 的工作，他对此大或不解。
2.表目的The two sides agreed that it is desirable to broaden the understanding betweenthe two peoples.双方同意，扩大两国人民之间的了解是可取的。
3.表条件和结果时的顺序：a.One can never succeed without making great 1（结果） 2（条件）
efforts.译文：（不努力就不会成功。）
2 （条件） 1（结果）
4.在表示让步的句子里，通常也是原因在前，结果在后：Young as he is， he works hard.（尽管他很年轻，可他工作很买力。）
另外：下面的这个句子也可以视为结果一类的句子，它的英汉两种语言的顺序很能说明问题：
c.在当今的教育界，已经涌现出了大批的优秀人才。
Large numbers of talented persons have come to the fore in today‘s education circle.
d. Little is known about the effect of life-long drinking.人们关于终生饮酒的效果却知道的很少
III.因语法手段而造成的英汉次序不一1.另外一些表示存在句的句子里也可见到大量的英汉次序不一的现象：There was rising in him a dreadful uneasiness ； something very precious thathe wanted to hold seemed close to destruction.（他心里涌起一种难言的焦灼，因为他原来一直想保住的东西现在好象要毁灭了。）
另外，英语里的有些形式主语也大都采用了倒装词序：2.无主句：It suddenly dawned on methat this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour ， but barely chuggingalong at thirty.（后来，我才突然明白，这次快车并非以90英里的时速疾弛而下，而只不过是以30英里的时速慢慢向前行驶。）
It is reported that …………
3.在某些表示“融合性”的定语从句中：a.There are many people who want to see the film.（许多人要看这部电影）
b.There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. （楼下有人要见你）
4.倒装句形a.Not a single word have we written down as yet.（否定）
（我们连一个字都没有写。）
b.Little does he realize the danger he is in（否定）
（他一点都没有意识到危险性。）
IV. 因句子结构转换而造成的词序不一：Cold drinks will be available at the Sports Center.运动中心也提供冷饮。（状语转译成主语）
V.注意下面的一些特殊的结构：
中国自从改革开放以来，发生了很大的变化。
有人竟然翻译成：1.误：Since China ‘s policy of reform and opening， China has takenplace a great many changes.
正：A great many changes have taken place in China since the policy of reform andopening to the outside world.
2.轮子是公元前六世纪发明的。
600 B.C. saw the invention of wheel.
英汉互译时的词性转换
I.英语的名词转译成汉语的动词：英汉两种语言具有不同的辞语结构。在汉语里，一个句子可以有多个动词并排使用，不管有多少动词，都可以按照先后的顺序一个一个地排下去；而英语则是一门静止的语言，在同等条件下，选择用名词的情况居多数，例如：
1.在名词转译成动词的句子中：a. My shock and embarrassment at finding Mother in tearson Wednesday was a perfect index of how little I understood the pressures on her（我星期三发现妈妈在流眼泪而感到震惊、尴尬，这就表明我对妈妈所承受的压力知道的多么少。）
在这个句子当中，shock ， embarrassment， index等等都是英语趋向于用名词而不用动词的最好例子b. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that areout of fashion and they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.（他们一想到在公共场穿不时髦的衣服，就感到浑身不自在，而一些商店和设计师们正是利用了他们的这种弱点。）
c. As a boy and then as an adult， I never lost my wonder at the personality thatwas Einstein. （不论是在儿时还是长大以后，我一直都对爱因斯坦的人格感到很好奇。）
d. Most of my friends live in the city， yet they always to into raptures at the meremention of the country. （我的大多数朋友都住在城里，然而，他们只要一提起乡村就欣喜若狂。）
e. The availability of information on the INTERNET， for example， widens the possibilitiesof informal education immensely.（比如，由于人们能在INTERNET网上可以得到信息，这就大大扩大了获得非正规教育的可能性。）
2.在一些特定结构中，如：介词+ 名词= 副词a. It is wise of him to deal with the delicateproblem with care and with calmness.（他很明智，在处理这一敏感问题时及尽仔细和谨慎。）
b. Einstein watched it in delight ， trying to deduce the operating principle.（爱因斯坦很欣喜地看着它，想推断出其中的操作原理。）
c. The soldier stared in surprise at the old farmer and the girl. （那个士兵很震惊地看着那个老农夫和女孩。）
d. The old man looked closely at the row of puddings with great interest（老人很感兴趣地仔细打量起一排布丁。）
