本课语言点

　　1. Learning a language is easy.

　　这是一个 主语+动词+表语 (SVP)句型。句中learning a language为动名词短语，在句子中做主语。再如：

　　Forgetting the past means betrayal.(忘记过去就意味着背叛。)

　　请翻译下面的句子：

　　1) 阅读英语比讲英语容易。 (Reading English is easier than speaking it.)

　　2) 集邮是我弟弟的爱好。(Collecting stamps is my little brother''s hobby.)

　　2. Even a child can do it.

　　even在句中作副词用，加强语气，表示“甚至(…也)，连(…都)”。如：He even didn''t trust his best friend.(他甚至不信任他最好的朋友。)

　　请注意even与 even if / though的区别并翻译下面的句子：

　　1) 这个我连听都没听过。(I haven''t even heard of it.)

　　2) 即使花了数天时间复习，他也没能考好。(He didn''t do well in the exam even though he spent days reviewing.)

　　3. Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.

　　句中who are learning a second language为定语从句，修饰先行词most adults，再如：

　　The man who wrote this book is a teacher.(写这本书的人是一位教师。)

　　请翻译下面的句子：

　　1) 穿蓝色夹克的那个男孩是我们的班长。

　　(The boy who is in a blue jacket is our monitor.)

　　2) 你昨天借给我的那本书很有趣。

　　(The book that you lent me yesterday is very interesting.)

　　句中的would是助动词，表示“可能”，“(将)会”。例如：

　　A picnic without you wouldn''t be fun.(野餐没你参加会很没意思。)

　　助动词would的用法很多，概括起来主要有如下几种：

　　1) 表示过去将来时：I felt confident that everything would be all right.

　　2) 表示意愿：I asked him not to do it， but he wouldn''t listen to me.

　　3) 表示习惯性：Every evening， we would go for a walk along the river.

　　4) 表示虚拟，假设，条件：If you had come earlier， you would have seen him.

　　5) 表示婉转地请求或建议：Would you look after my cat while I am away?

　　4. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice， and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner.

　　注意句中hundreds of hours的用法，阅读课本第六页注解2.

　　请翻译下面的词组：

　　1) 十个学生 ten students

　　数十个学生 tens of students

　　2) 五百年 five hundred years

　　数百年 hundreds of years

　　3) 两千年 two thousand years

　　数千年 thousands of years

　　4) 三百万美元 three million dollars

　　数百万美元 millions of dollars

　　5. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning.

　　句中be different from 意为“与…不同”，如：My opinion is different from yours.(我的观点与你的观点不同。)

　　请注意下面三个句子中所用的词组：

　　Man is different from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.

　　Man differs from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.

　　The greatest difference between man and all the other animals is his ability to learn and use a language.

　　从上面的句子中可以看出differ是动词，different 是形容词，difference是名词。

　　6. … find it difficult to succeed in language learning.

　　… find it difficult to succeed in other fields.

　　句中的it是形式宾语(formal object)，真正的宾语(real object)是不定式to succeed in language learning，此类用法在英语中很常见，请注意掌握。如：At first I found it difficult to remember all these new words.(开始我感到记住这些单词很难。)

　　请翻译下面的句子：

　　1) 外面的噪音使我无法继续工作。

　　(The noise outside made it difficult for me to go on with my work.)

　　2) 他们觉得再争论下去是浪费时间。

　　(They consider it a waste of time to argue any further.)

　　3) 她认为把真相告诉小王是对的。

　　(She thought it right to tell Xiao Wang the truth.)

　　7. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners.

　　本句中注意掌握动词offer的用法，请看下面的例句：

　　1) He offered me a cup of tea after I sat down. (我坐下后他给我端来一杯茶。)

　　2) What suggestions would you like to offer to those young teachers? (对这些新教师你有什么建议要提吗?)

　　3) This shop offers all kinds of stationery.(这家商店供应各种文具。)

　　4) The old man offered me 100 yuan for the used bike.

　　(那个老人向我出价100元买这辆旧自行车。)

　　5) She offered to help me with my English.(她表示愿意帮我学英语。)

　　句中的advice为不可数名词，其后不加s，正如课本第六页注解3所说，有许多东西在汉语中是可数的，在英语中却是不可数的。如news， information， paper 等，若要表示“一个”这类概念，就必须加a piece of这类定语，例如：

　　a piece of news

　　a piece of advice

　　a sum of money

　　a piece of bread

　　15. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.

　　不定式短语to learn to think in the language是句子的真正主语。it常常被用来代替不定式，在句子中充当形式主语，而把真正的主语移到句子后面去，这样使句子显得比较平稳。为了说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，便在不定式前加for引起的短语。又如：

　　1) It is not at all difficult for him to understand the poem.

　　2) It is necessary for us to lend him a helping hand at this time.

　　more important than是形容词比较级形式，请翻译下面的句子：

　　1) 汤姆的年龄比玛丽大。(Tom is older than Mary.)

　　2) 这本书比那本书更有趣。(This book is more interesting than that one.)

　　3) 我们班的学生人数比他们班的多。(There are more students in our class than in theirs.)

　　16. … you have probably been learning independently， actively， and purposefully.

　　句中所用的时态为现在完成进行时，表示一个动作从过去的某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。又如：

　　1) He has been working for a whole day.

　　2) They have been watching TV for two hours.

　　请翻译下面的句子：

　　1) 老李已经在南京生活了二十年。(Lao Li has been living in Nanjing for 20 years.)

　　2) 雨下多久了?(How long has it been raining?)

　　3) 我等了他一个多小时了。(I have been waiting for him for more than an hour.)

　　17. … if your language learning has been less than successful， you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.

　　less than用在形容词的前面是为了给所要表述的内容增加否定意味。又如：It would be less than fair to put all the blame on him.(把所有的责任都加在他身上是不太公平的。)

　　请翻译下面的句子：

　　1) 父亲对他的成绩不太满意。(Father was less than satisfied with his performance.)

　　2) 这个计划远不够完美。(The plan was a good deal less than perfect.)

　　do well to do sth. 的意思是“最好…做”，如：She would do well to go away from these

　　dishonest people.(她最好远离这些不诚实的人。)

　　本课主要词组

　　1. disagree with 2. be different from

　　3. succeed in 4. offer sth. to sb.

　　5. as much as 6. practice doing sth.

　　7. be similar to 8. first of all

　　9. depend on 10. instead of

　　11. wait for 12. look for

　　13. learn from 14. communicate with

　　15. be willing to 16. be interested in

　　17. in order to 18. on the other hand

　　19. less than 20. do well to do sth.

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