本课主要构词法
Affixation (词缀法)
1. 反意词前缀un- unusual,unwilling
2. 形容词后缀-y salty
3. 名词后缀-or sailor
Compounding (合词法)
1. 复合名词 highway,steamship,airplane
2. 复合形容词 mid-Atlantic,eastward
本课简介
The Atlantic Ocean向读者介绍了有关大西洋的情况。我们可以了解航行大西洋的过去和现在,也可以了解大西洋“制造”出来的世界之最。
本课主要语言点
1. The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.
在表示河流,海洋,群岛,沙漠等地理名称的名词前,以及以复数形式出现的国名前要用定冠词,例如:the Yellow River(黄河),the Pacific Ocean(太平洋),the British Isles (不列颠群岛),the Sahara(撒哈拉沙漠),the Alps(阿尔卑斯山脉), the Philippines (菲列宾)
在表示某一座山,岛屿或某一个湖时不用定冠词,例如:Yellow Mountain(黄山),Lake Erie(伊利湖),Hainan Island(海南岛)
one of +复数名词是英语中常见的用法,请翻译下面的句子:
She is one of the most hardworking students in our class. (她是我们班学习最刻苦的学生之一。)
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.(上海是世界最大的城市之一。)
印度是世界上人口最多的国家之一。 (India is one of the countries with the largest population in the world.)
尼罗河是世界上最长的河流之一。(Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world.)
在one of +复数名词+定语从句的结构中,定语从句一般被看作修饰复数名词,因此该从句中的谓语要用复数形式。例如:
This is one of the best novels that have been published this year. (这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。)
Mr. Smith is one of those men who always think they are right.(史密斯先生属于那些总是认为自己正确的人。)
He is not one of those who bow before difficulties.(他不是那种在困难面前低头的人。)
但是在the only one of +复数名词+定语从句的结构中,定语从句应该被看成修饰单数名词。例如:
He was the only one of the boys who was praised by the teacher. (他是男孩中唯一受到老师表扬的。)
Helen is the only one of those girls who doesn't wear make-up. (海伦是那些女孩中唯一不化妆的。)
separate from是常用词组,在句子中的意思是“(使)分离,(使)分开”,请翻译下面的句子:
1)英吉利海峡把英法两国隔开。(The English Channel separates England from France.)
2)理论不应该脱离实际。(Theory should not be separated from practice.)
the Old world指欧,亚,非三洲,有时仅指欧洲。the New (World) 指哥伦布发现的美洲大陆。
2. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.
for centuries 意为“许多世纪”。在英语中用介词for加表示时间的复数名词的表达形式很常见。请翻译下面的句子:
1)I haven't seen you for days. How is everything?(多日不见,一切都好吗?)
2)I haven't seen him for years, I am sure he has changed a lot. (我多年没见到他了,他一定变了不少。)
3)It seems I have been waiting for you for centuries. Where have you been?(我似乎等了你几个世纪了,你去哪儿了?)
keep… from doing 是习惯用法,意思是“使…不…”。
例如:It is really not easy to keep Father from smoking.(要使父亲不抽烟真不容易。)
请翻译下面的句子:
1)Heavy fog kept the ships from being discovered by the enemy. (大雾使得船只未被敌人发现。)
2)We had no way to keep him from getting involved in the matter. (我们没有办法使他不卷入那事件中去。)
3)那种药使他的咳嗽不再加剧。 (The medicine keeps his cough from getting more serious.)
4)当地人的保守思想使得那个地方不能快速发展。
(The local people's conservative mind keeps that place from developing rapidly.)
3. Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.
make sb. unwilling to do sth. 意为“使得某人不愿做某事”。例如:His indifference to work made everybody unwilling to cooperate with him.(他对工作的冷漠态度使得所有的人都不愿与他合作。)
主语+动词+宾语+补语(SVOC)的句型在课本第二单元的语法中已有较详细的论述。请翻译下面的句子:
1)His behavior at the dinner party made the host annoyed. (他在晚宴上的行为使主人很恼火。)
2)That film made him famous.(那部影片使他出了名。)
3)他刚才的一番话使玛丽很伤心。(What he said just now made Mary very sad.)
4)老师对他作文的评价令他失望。 (The teacher's comment on his composition made him disappointed.)
5)What he had done made his friends hesitant to accept the invitation.(他的所为使得他的朋友们对接受邀请犹豫不决。)
6)他的挥霍浪费使得他的父母不愿意再给他钱。(His unthriftiness made his parents unwilling to give him any more money.)
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