Text B Solving Problems Scientifically
搭配:
1. Arouse one's curiosity 引起某人的注意/动词词组
2. Result from=arise from 由于/动词词组;result in 导致/动词词组
3. Give clue for doing sth. 为做某事提供线索/动词词组
4. Build a firm foundation for doing sth. 为做某事打下坚实的基础/动词词组
5. Make an inference 做推论/动词词组
6. Turn out to be 结果是/动词词组
7. Check with 与什么相符/动词词组
语言点:
1. Once是连接词,表示一旦。
2. A thoroughly understood problem is well started toward solution. Be well started toward 是什么的良好开端。
3. The development of industry has also brought about large numbers of problems which have to be solved.
4. Related questions 相关问题;unanswered questions 为回答的问题;controlled conditions 被控制的条件
5. Reliable(adj.可信赖的)-unreliable(adj.不可信赖的)
6. Should the observations or predictions turn out to be as expected, the scientist has added confidence in the probable truth of his hypothesis. = If the observations or predictions should turn out to be as expected, the scientist has added confidence in the probable truth of his hypothesis。
本课需要重点掌握的语法现象:动名词
动名词兼有动词和名词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语和定语。
1.作主语
直接将动名词放在句首作主语,谓语动词用单数。
如:Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。
Swimming is the best exercise in summer.在夏天,游泳是最好的锻炼方式。
注:a)动名词和不定式都可以作主语,一般可以互换。但有时又略有区别。动名词作主语往往表示一般或抽象的多次行为,不定式作主语表式具体的或一次性的动作。
如:Playing with fire is dangerous.(泛指玩火)
To play with fire will be dangerous.(指一具体动作)
b)在It is no use(good), not any use (good), useless 等后面一般用动名词作主语。
如:It is no use arguing with him.同他争论无用的。
It is no good learning English without practice.学英语不练是不行的。
2.作表语
如:The real problem is getting to know the difficulties of the students.现实的问题是了解学生的困难。
注:a)动名词和不定式都可以做表语,区别在于:表示抽象的一般的行为时,多用动名词;表示某次具体的动作或具有将来时的意义时,多用不定式。
如:My job is teaching English.我的工作是教英语。
My today's job is to teach you how to study English. 我今天的任务是教你如何学英语。
b) 动名词作表语时不要与进行时态混淆。进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词作表语,说明主语的性质和情况。
如:He is collecting stamps.他在集邮。(现在进行时)
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。(动名词)
c) 动名词和现在分词作表语的区别:动名词作表语说明主语的内容,而且可以转换到句首作主语;现在分词作表语,表示主语的特征,其作用相当于形容词。
如:His favorite sport is running.他最喜爱的运动是跑步。
可以转换为:Running is his favorite sport.
The film is very moving.这部影片很感人。
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