名师指导：讲解初三学生失分率最高的英语题

　　[ 考查内容 ]

　　完形填空是初三学生失分率最高的题型之一。

　　完形填空集阅读理解能力与语言运用能力考查于一体，考查内容包括词语辨析、词的用法及搭配、语法、单句理解、语篇理解等。既考查学生在阅读理解的基础上，在一定语言情景下灵活运用词汇、语法等基础知识的能力，又考查学生的逻辑推理能力。完形填空题主要考查以下五个方面。

　　1.考查快速阅读理解能力与技巧，尤其是边读边猜和跳读能力。

　　2.考查找准主题以及了解篇章结构、理顺文章的能力。

　　3.考查根据试题所给线索，捕捉相关信息，进行归纳、判断、分析和推理能力。

　　4.考查学生是否具备熟练、扎实的词汇和语法知识。

　　5.考查学生的文化背景知识和生活常识。

　　[ 实例解析 ]

　　As soon as he finished his homework, Eric jumped onto his bicycle and rode off in the direction of the beach. While he was 1 along, he thought about the whales (鲸鱼). He hoped he would see them again today. After he got to the beach, Eric 2 his bicycle behind a bush so that no one could see it from the road. Then he ran down onto the sand. 3 it was only four in the afternoon, the sky was already growing dark. Eric frowned (皱眉). If it 4 , he wouldn‘t be able to see the whales because they would stay in deeper water. He hurried along the beach 5 the rocks. They were the best place to watch the whales from because of their 6 . Before Eric reached the rocks he felt a drop of water o his head. Oh no! he thought. Now the whales will stay in the deep water and I won‘t be able to 7 them! But just then he saw a large shape on the beach. It was a young whale! The whale had come too close to the shore (海岸) and got stuck (搁浅) on the 8 ! At first the whale didn‘t move at all and Eric thought it was 9 . Then he saw its tail move weakly. Eric turned and ran through the rain as fast as he could back to his bicycle. He had to get 10 ! Unless they got the whale back in the water soon, it would die and Eric couldn‘t let that happen.

　　1. A. riding B. running C. getting D. walking

　　2. A. sent B. hid C. took D. got

　　3. A. As B. Since C. Because D. Although

　　4. A. shone B. snowed C. rained D. blew

　　5. A. into B. off C. to D. from

　　6. A. length B. size C. height D. shape

　　7. A. watch B. kill C. catch D. save

　　8. A. soil B. beach C. grass D. water

　　9. A. dead B. pretty C. lovely D. alive

　　10. A. care B. water C. medicine D. help

　　(南京市2007年中考英语试题)

　　通读全文后，我们发现讲述了一位爱观察鲸鱼的少年，在一个下雨的午后在海滩拯救搁浅的鲸鱼的故事。

　　1.考查上下文语境。根据第一句中rode off这个词组判断他是边骑车边想有关鲸鱼的事。故选A。

　　2.考查上下文语境和词义辨析。根据这句中的目的状语从句判断(so that no one could see it from the road)，他应该是“藏”他的自行车。hide意思是“藏”。故选B。

　　3.考查转折词“although”。尽管才下午4点钟，但天已变黑了。故选D。

　　4.考查上下文语境。直到下文中有一句：He felt a drop of water on his head, 我们才能确定答案。故选C。

　　5.属于语法题。考查固定搭配hurry to。故选C。

　　小结：通过2007年的中考试题解析，我们发现完形填空的考查已由单纯的语法和词汇知识类的考查逐渐转向对语篇的整体理解和对学生能力的考查。大多数题目所设的选项只从语法角度判断都是正确的(如题1)，但联系语篇内容，则只有一个正确答案，重在考查对语篇上下文逻辑意义的理解及在情境中辨析词义的能力。

　　[ 解题技巧 ]

　　1.通读全文，把握大意。第一遍浏览全文，跳过一个个空格，力求对文章的整体有个大致的了解，切忌拿到题目就急于选答案。对全文不了解容易导致出错，一定要通篇考虑。

　　2.精读全文，各个击破。第二遍逐句阅读，先易后难，逐空试填，对四个被选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，从上下文、词汇用法、常识、逻辑推理、习惯用法和搭配等方面综合考虑。能确定的选项，暂时放一下，可能在下文中有提示。

　　3.复读全文，查漏补缺。第三遍把所选答案代入原文复读一遍，避免疏漏或错误。核查语法结构是否正确，习惯用法和固定搭配是否有误，故事情节是否完整，语意是否合理等。

　　请同学们试着用以上技巧完成6-10题。答案：

　　6.考查上下文语境。They, their指的是rocks岩石，由于岩石的高度，是他观察鲸鱼的最好地方。故选C。

　　7.考查上下文语境。Eric 到海边就是为了看鲸鱼的。故选A。

　　8.考查上下文语境。鲸鱼搁浅应该在海滩。故选B。

　　9.考查上下文语境。从本句中the whale didn‘t move at all可知， Eric以为它死了。故选A。

　　10.考查上下文语境。从最后一句不难发现，Eric必须寻求帮助。故选D。

　　名师档案：南京育英外国语学校初三英语教师，五次担任毕业班英语教学工作，多年担任英语教研组长，南京市优秀青年教师，南京市教育学会外语专业委员会成员。