4.在使役动词makr及感官动词see ,hear….等动词的被动语态形式后面出现的作主语补足语的不定式须加不定式符号“to•
The teacher made Tom answer it again.(主动语态,不加“to )
Tom was made to answer it again.(被动语态,加“to )
5.短语动词的被动语态要注意不可丢失其附加的介词、副词或短语。
look at,laugh at,send for,call on,carry out, listen to,take care of ,make use of,depend on,pay attention to,hand in,put on,look up,give up〕等.
6. be+过去分词可以是被动语态形式,也可以是系表结构形式。区别是,系表结构表示主语状态或特征,不带by短语;而被动语态是表示主语的一个被动动作,可以带by短语。
The job was well done.(系表结构)
The job was well done by a skilled worker.(被动语态)
The composition is well written.(系表结构)
The composition is written with great care;.(被动语态)
7.原来主动语态中的宾语如果是从句,变为被动语态时,要用形式主语it.
It has been known to him that many friends will come to see him.
It is said that this book has been translated into several languages.
8.有一些动词不能用被动语态。
break out,take place,happen,belong to,cost,suit,fit,have,let, wear, weigh. suffer, pass, kill the time, enter, last, meet(遇见),join(参加),fail等
9.宾语为反身代词时,不用被动语态,只用主动语态形式。
The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang.
10.有些动词或情态动词常用所接的不定式来表示被动意义。
如:happen,pretend,seem,used to,ought to,appear等。
The house used to be painted white.
The job has to be done before dark.
On the way we happened to be caught in the rain.
11.有些动名词在want, need, require和介词worth后形式为主动,意义为被动。
12.有些动词用主动形式来表示被动意义。如:clean, sell,look,lock,open,write,read,wash,feel等。
This kind of cloth washes easily.
These books sell well.(好卖)