完形填空要求学生运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识,处理好每个单句,并且还要处理好单句之间与全文之间的内在关系,一般情况下,“完形填空”题要求学生填入的词主要有:构成各种时态、语态和用法区别的动词及短语动词;名词和介词;根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词;同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主,兼顾虚词和语法结构,有些学生平时基础知识不够扎实,对这些语法知识掌握又不好,也造成了完形填空得分率低。
如②:
A little dog lived near the river. One morning the little dog __1__his beautiful clothes and went for a walk by the river. __2__ his way he met a little fox.
1. A.wear B.had C.dressed D.put on
2. A.on B.by C.in D.at
第一题所给的四个选项是一组同义词,都可以表示“穿”,但它们在用法上有所不同。wear和have on都可接“衣物”作宾语,意为“穿着”表示状态,put on也可接“衣物”作宾语,意为“穿上”,表示动作,而dress的宾语只能是人,而不能是衣物,根据以上分析,再结合原句的意思,可以确定正确答案为D,如果学生没有掌握好这四个同义词的用法及它们之间的区别,就很难做对。
第二题是一习惯用语,表示“在去……的路上”英语中有“on one’s way to……”而by、at、in 都不能用在该短评中,故应选A项。因此平时,我们在教学过程中,对词语的固定搭配,语言的习惯表达,句型结构等都应重视。
三、 学生综合分析能力和运用语言知识的实践能力比较差
完形填空不但要考查学生对词法、句法和句型等语法知识而且还要考查学生的分析能力、逻辑推断能力,语言知识的综合运用能力,有时,把一个词填在某个独立的句子中,可能是通顺的。但从文章角度看,填入这个词,便可能与文章的主题大相径庭了。因此,学生在做题时,要善于发现和利用文中的信息句,善于从字里行间中寻求启示。虽然在做完形填空题时,很多词与词,句与句之间都是有一定语法关系和固定词语的搭配而联系在一起的,但有些还得根据上下文的语意来选择与前后句有联系的名词、介词、动词、形容词或副词等。
例如③:
Mr. Brown began to walk at 8 in the morning. Now the sun was about to set. He was tired and hungry. He was walking slowly towards the ____ and his shadow(影子) lay long behind him . He had to look for a place for a place for the night.
A. east B. west C. south D. north
此题所给的选项的四个表示方向的名词,均可和前面的介词“towards”搭配,很难判断哪一个正确答案。因此只有运用逻辑推理的方法才能判断该答案。根据上文的“太阳就要落山了”判断此时应为太阳是在西方。再根据下文的“他的影子长长地拖在后面。”可以推出,此时布朗先生正朝西方慢慢地走着,故选B。因此,我们在要求学生多归纳常用句型,熟记习惯用语和固定搭配,掌握词法句型的同时,还应注意培养学生的逻辑思维能力和综合运用语言的能力。
下面以宁波市2000年初中毕业,升学考试英语的完形填空来实例分析一下。
I had been in London for three years. During the time I was staying there, my strong wish was to go back home __1__ staying in the city I didn’t know very well.
__2__when the day came for my leaving, I had a strange feeling and my mind was __3__ many beautiful things in London: the tall trees around my house, the clean streets, the school library ,the old church near the school and so on. I was for the first time not sure whether I really wished to go. I was becoming good at spoken