考前点拨:中考英语典型陷阱题例析
典型陷阱之非谓语动词
1. He made some toys _______ his little son.
A. please B. to please C. pleasing D. pleased
2. My uncle enjoys _______ TV after supper.
A. watching B. watches C. watch D. to watch
【解析】此题陷阱选项为B或D。这是由于知识错误引起的。一些考生把这里的watch当作谓语动词就误选为B。很多考生误认为enjoy后面要接动词不定式就选了D。其实,enjoy后面接动词时要用其ing形式。这样的动词还有finish, mind, practise, feel like, keep, be worth等等。正确答案为A。
3. Mr Brown asked us to stop _______, and we stopped _______to him at once.
A. talking, to listen B. to talk, to listen C. talking, listening D. to talk, listen
【解析】此题陷阱选项为B或C。因为stop后面可以接动词不定式也可以接动词的ing形式,如果弄不清两者的区别就很可能误选为B或C或D。stop to do意为“停下(别的事)来开始做某事”,stop doing意为“停止做某事”。正确答案为A。这个句子意为“布朗先生叫我们停止谈话,我们立刻停下来开始听他讲话”。后面接动词不定式或动词的ing 形式有很大的区别的词有:try, remember, forget, go on等,try to do努力做某事,try doing试着做某事,remember to do记得要去做某事,remember doing记得做过某事,forget to do忘记要去做某事,forget doing忘记做过某事,go on to do接着做另一件事,go on doing继续做原来做的事。(from www.zkenglish.com)
4. The doctor did what he could _______ the boy.
A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping
【解析】此题陷阱选项为A。很多同学认为情态动词后面肯定要接动词原形。但是,在这里不能选A,因为情态动词could后面本来有动词原形do,只是被省略了。正确答案为B。这里to help the boy这个不定式短语用来作目的状语。
5. Mary is often listened _______ in the next room.
A. to sing B. sing C. sang D. to to sing
【解析】此题易误选为A。一般来说listen to和其他感官动词一样,以不带to的动词不定式作其宾语补足语。但当该动词短语变为被动语态时,其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略。这里应特别注意,listen是一个不及物动词,在接宾语时to不能省略。正确答案为D。
典型陷阱之反意疑问句
1. There is hardly any rain this summer, _______?
A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t there D. is there
2. She was unhappy when she heard the news, _______?
A. was she B. wasn’t she C. does she D. didn’t she
【解析】此题陷阱选项为A。当句中有no, nothing, never, hardly, few, little等否定词或半否定词时后面的反意疑问句要用肯定形式。但是,当句中有由加否定前缀或后缀构成的否定词时,后面的反意疑问句不受其影响,仍用否定形式。正确答案为B。
3. She thinks she can get there on time, _______she?
A. can B. can’t C. doesn’t D. does
【解析】此题陷阱选项为A或B。错误的原因是受了思维定式的影响。因为在平时训练时“I think + that从句 / I don’t think + that从句”这样的句子,它们后面的反意疑问句的主语和谓语要根据后面的从句来确定,肯定或否定形式则根据主句来确定。如:I think she will win the game, won’t she? I don’t think chickens can swim, can they? 但是,当主句中的主语不是I时,其后的反意疑问句的主语和谓语仍然根据主句来确定。因此,正确答案为C。
4. —They haven’t paid for their tickets, have they?
—_______. They didn’t pay any money.
A. Yes, they have B. No, they haven’t C. Yes, they haven’t D. No, they have.
【解析】此题陷阱选项为A或C。选A的同学是由于忽略语境造成的,如果不看They didn’t pay any money. 这句话,那么A项确实是正确答案。选C的同学是由于受了汉语思维的定式引起的,因为这个答案译成汉语正好是“是的,他们没有付钱”。大家应注意否定疑问句的回答方式与肯定的疑问句的回答方式是一样,只不过这时yes要译为“不”,而no要译为“是的”。正确答案为B。(from)
典型陷阱之主谓一致
1. Neither Jack nor Li Lei and I _______ interested in playing computer games.
A. am B. is C. are D. was
2. The teacher and writer _______ doing morning exercises this time yesterday.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
【解析】此题陷阱选项为D。误选的原因是把the teacher and writer误认为是两个人,其实,the teacher and the writer才是两个人,意为“那个老师和那个作家”。到底是一个人还是两个人的关键是看and后面的名词前面是否有修饰语,有修饰语就是两个人或(物),没有修饰语就是一个人(或物)。正确答案为B。(from www.zkenglish.com)
3. Everyone except Tom and David _______there when the meeting began.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
【解析】此题陷阱选项为C或D。此题考查主谓一致问题,许多同学会受Tom and David的影响会误选为C或D这两个答案。其实,这里属于“单数主语+介词短语”作主语的情况,这时谓语动词应不受介词短语中的名词或代词的影响,仍然用单数形式。正确答案为B。
4. Every boy and girl _______ the book and they each _______ to buy one.
A. likes, wants B. likes, want C. like, wants D. like, want
【解析】此题陷阱选项为A或C。选A的同学认为两个主语中都有every或each应该用单数形式;选C的同学认为第一空前面的主语是boy and girl是复数,谓语动词要用复数,第二空前面的主语是each是单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数。其实,受了every修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词的数不受each的影响,仍用复数形式。故正确答案为B。(待续)