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2010年中考英语语法专题讲座:非谓语动词(1)

来源:考试吧(Exam8.com) 2009-12-10 10:06:54 要考试,上考试吧! 万题库

  一、动词不定式

  1.动词不定式作宾语。

  1)在动词want ,hope,would like,decide,wish,

  choose,try ,need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。

  I hope ______(hear)from you soon .

  2)think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth

  He found it difficult _______(get) to sleep.

  3).stop to do sth / stop doing sth

  stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。

  After working for a long time , He has to stop _______(have ) a rest .

  He was very tired , so he had to stop ______(work).

  2.动词不定式作宾语补。

  1).带to的不定式作宾补的动词有:ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth

  Please ask him _________(come) quickly.

  2).省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有:let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth

  注:省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时,需要还原to .

  He made the baby _______(stop) crying .

  The baby was made ______ _____ crying.

  3.动词不定式作主语

  1).动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

  2).常用it作形式主语,而将不定式放在句子后面。

  To do sth +谓语动词+adj /n =

  It +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sth

  To get an injection is a little painful .

  _____ a little painful ____ ____ an injection

  4.动词不定式作定语

  动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后

  名词或代词+to do(介词)

  注:若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时,其后加上相应的介词。

  I want a pen to write ______.

  I want a piece of paper to write ______.

  5.动词不定式与疑问词连用

  疑问词+ to do sth

  注:在宾语从句中,若主从句的主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to do sth”.      |||

  Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital ?

  Can you tell me _____ ____ ____ the hospital.

  6.动词不定式可作状语

  1).动词不定式可作目的状语

  在come / go / leave 后面接动词不定式作目的状语。

  He came here ______(get)his book.

  2).动词不定式可作原因状语

  表语形容词(sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased)后与动词不定式连用作原因状语

  He was glad _______(see) his wife.

  3).动词不定式可作结果状语

  在too…to …, not …enough to …句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。

  He was too tired _______(walk) on .

  7.动词不定式作表语

  be + to do sth

  注:动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换,且常表将来。

  Her wish is _______(become) a doctor .

  _____ _____ is her wish .

  8.动词不定式的否定形式

  在动词不定式的前面加not .

  He told me _______(not stay) here .

  9.动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。

  1).动词不定式符号的省略情况

  若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时,第一个不定式符号不能省略,其余的省掉to .但两者有对比关系时,to都不能省略。

  Edison’s mother taught him to write and read .

  I haven’t decided to go home or to go to the cinema.

  2)省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号to的情况。

  Will you take a walk with me ? I’m glad to .

  Would you like to join my birthday party ?

  I would love to .        |||

  二、动名词

  1.动名词相当于一个名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

  Reading in bed ______(be) bad for your eyes.

  2.有些动词或动词短语后面,只能接动名词作宾语。

  三、现在分词

  1.现在分词常放在see, hear ,watch ,notice 等之后作宾补。

  I saw the boy____(play)in the street just now .

  2.现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前,现在分词短语要放在被修饰词的后面,相当于一个定语从句。

  A sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping .

  Did you know the man talking to Mr Li?=

  Did you know the man who was talking to Mr Li?

  3.现在分词表伴随情况

  He came into the classroom ,carrying a book.

  四、过去分词

  1.作宾补

  have /get +sth +done 表示请别人干某事

  I had my TV repaired last night .

  2.作定语

  单一的过去分词作定语,要放在被修饰词的前面,过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面,相当于一个定语从句。

  Have you ever read any books written by Luxun?

  Have you ever read any books _____ _____ written by Luxun?

  3.作表语 过去分词作表语已经形容词化

  My cup is broken .

    
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