中考备考:短文改错考点详解及真题解析

　　一.中考英语短文改错考点·非谓语动词错误

　　非谓语动词包括不定式、分词、动名词3种形式。如：

　　(1) In 1943 Jacques Coustean and his friend made it possible by invent the scuba machine. (杭州市中考题)

　　「说明」invent改为inventing，inventing是动名词，作介词by的宾语。

　　(2) Many people like travel by air， but Jim‘s family think that traveling by train is the best. (杭州市中考题)

　　「说明」travel改为to travel或traveling，不定式或动名词作动词like的动词宾语。

　　(3) Many countries began look for ways to go into space. (广元市中考题)

　　「说明」look改为looking或to look，不定式或动名词作动词began的动词宾语

　　(4) School children walked with their shirts，coasts and anything else they could find pull up over their noses. (苏州市中考题)

　　「说明」pull改为pulled，“with+宾语+动词的过去分词”结构作伴随状语，with结构中宾语与动词之间是逻辑被动关系。

　　(5) The people of the desert have to keep move from place to place. (重庆市中考题)

　　「说明」move改为moving，keep doing sth有“继续做某事”的意思。

　　二. 中考英语短文改错考点·比较等级错误

　　(1) It is much cheap and far more enjoyable than a rushed trip by air. (杭州市中考题)

　　「说明」cheap改为 cheaper， much， far， still， a little， a bit修饰形容词或副词的比较级，加强语气。

　　(2) They made people healthier and live long. (广元市中考题)

　　「说明」long改为比较级形式longer，与healthier是平行结构。

　　形容词、副词的误用主要指形容词，副词的混用。

　　(3) Scientists wanted to see how good their bodies worked when they had different things.

　　「说明」good改为well，well作副词，修饰动词worked.

　　(4) By this time most people had a very well life. (广元市中考题)

　　「说明」well改为good， good作形容词，修饰名词life.

　　三. 中考英语短文改错考点·句法错误

　　(1) The world was known to man and the universe was not. (广元市中考题)

　　「说明」根据行文逻辑，表示并列关系的and 应改为表示转折关系的but.

　　(2) Coustean was very interested in diving deep into the sea， but wanted to be an explorer. (杭州市中考题)

　　「说明」根据行文逻辑，表示转折关系的but 应改为表示并列关系的and.

　　(3) They would never refuse to help people in trouble， but they would give them food and water. (重庆市中考题)

　　「说明」根据行文逻辑，表示表示转折关系的but 应改为表示并列关系的and.

　　(4) He has been to many interesting places in Beijing， and he has not yet been to many other parts of China. (杭州市中考题)

　　「说明」根据行文逻辑，表示并列关系的and 应改为表示转折关系的but.

　　(5) “So something must be done to keep the air nice or clean，” said the scientists. (苏州市中考题)

　　「说明」根据行文逻辑，表示选择关系的or 应改为表示并列关系的and.

　　(6) “ I know only a chicken is too little for a king‘s evening meal. But I have brought a wolf for you besides the chicken.” (郴州市中考题)

　　「说明」根据行文逻辑，表示表示转折关系的But 应改为表示因果关系的So.

　　这类错误考查句子与句子之间的关系。连接词的使用错误往往会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，甚至造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对上下文有总体的理解，头脑中有个大概的框架。如：

　　(1) They had a wonderful train ride to Chengdu after they went on to Mount Emei by bus. (杭州市中考题)

　　「说明」根据句子的意思将after改为before，表示“他们坐汽车去峨眉山之前，愉快地坐火车先到了成都”。

　　(2) The result is that they eat a light breakfast， they will work better. (镇江市中考题)

　　「说明」在 that 后增加if 或when .在表语从句that if / when they eat a light breakfast， they will work better中，包含有if或when引导的状语从句，修饰句子they will work better.句子翻译成：(实验) 结果是如果他们少量地吃点早餐，会工作得更出色。

　　(3) It‘s different from how people think. (镇江市中考题)

　　「说明」将how 改为what，what people think是一个宾语从句，疑问代词what在从句中充当宾语，有“……的”之意。

　　四. 中考英语短文改错考点·时态与语态错误

　　时态错误几乎是短文改错中必设的改错题类。要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一致。如：

　　(1) “You are my younger brother. You had it at first.” (郴州市中考题)

　　「说明」had 改为have，因为这是一个一般现在时态的句子。

　　(2) Last week he goes to Mount Emei in Sichuan Province with his family. (杭州市中考题)

　　「说明」goes改为went，与一般过去时态的时间状语last week保持一致。

　　(3) Not too long ago， people can‘t go scuba diving on Hainan Island， or anywhere else. (杭州市中考题)

　　「说明」can‘t 改为couldn’t，与一般过去时态的时间状语not too long ago保持一致。

　　汉语表达习惯上有时不加“被”字也能表示被动意义，因而有些考生对被动语态不敏感。如：

　　(1) “Many thousands of trees must be plant every year，” he said. (安徽省中考题)

　　「说明」plant改为planted，构成被动语态。

　　(2) “Sand can be sweeping into the air when there is a drought…” (苏州市中考题)

　　「说明」sweeping改为swept，构成被动语态。

　　(3) He also was liked to make videos.

　　「说明」将was删去，因为这不是一个被动句。

　　五. 中考英语短文改错考点·一致性错误

　　句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上不一致是改错题型中最为常见的。如：

　　(1) This were because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for a long time. (杭州市中考题)

　　「说明」指示代词this作主语，谓语动词用单数，因此将were改为was.

　　(2) The desert people is friendly. (重庆市中考题)

　　「说明」people作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数，因此将is改为are.

　　名词的单、复数与其修饰词语或上下文不一致也是中考常设的改错题。做这类题目时要注意名词是否与其修饰语一致。如：

　　(1) The animals are useful to the desert people in many way. (重庆市中考题)

　　「说明」名词way改为ways，与前面的修饰词many一致。

　　(2) As he explored the sea， he took pictures and videos of many thing that people had never seen before. (杭州市中考题)

　　「说明」thing改为things，与前面的修饰词many一致。

　　有的名词一般不用复数形式，但受到某些量词，如many， several， a number of， a variety of等修饰时，要变成复数形式。

　　(3) They were given kinds of breakfast， and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. (镇江市中考题)

　　「说明」修饰语kinds of常修饰复数名词，所以breakfast应改为breakfasts.

　　表示事物类别时，名词用复数形式。

　　(4) School child walked with their shirts， coats and anything else they could find pulled up over their nose. (苏州市中考题)

　　「说明」child改为children，表示名词类别“学生”;nose改成noses，与限定词their保持一致。

　　(5) The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over disease. (广元市中考题)

　　「说明」disease改为diseases，表示名词类别“疾病”。

　　(1) Too many trees have been cut this years. (苏州市中考题)

　　「说明」this改为these， 与后面的复数名词years保持一致。

　　(2) They use camels for carrying water， food， tents and another things. (重庆市中考题)

　　「说明」another改为other， 因为another常修饰单数可数名词。

　　代词的主要功能是指代前面出现过的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词一定要同它所指代的词在单复数、格或人称上保持一致，这是代词改错的核心。

　　(3) He bought a ship and used them to explore under the sea. (杭州市中考题)

　　「说明」them改为it，指代前面的单数名词a ship.

　　六. 　中考英语短文改错考点·固定搭配错误

　　(1) When there is not more food for their animals， they move to another place. (重庆市中考题)

　　「说明」not改为no， 固定词组no more表示“不再……”的意思。

　　(2) It‘s because you become very hungry at noon that you eat too much for lunch. (镇江市中考题)

　　「说明」very改为so，so+形容词 / 副词+that结果状语从句。

　　(3) This was because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for long time. (杭州市中考题)

　　「说明」for long time改为for a long time，表示“一段时间”。

　　(4) Coustean was very interested on diving deep into the sea， …

　　「说明」on改为 in，固定词组be interested in…表示“在……(方面)有兴趣”。这是一个介词(固定搭配) 方面的错误，介词的误用主要指介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配、介词惯用词组等方面产生的错误。如：

　　(5) On my way home， I found an old man walking in the front of me. (娄底市中考题)

　　「说明」介词短语in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，而in front of 则表示“在……的前面”。

　　(6) We visited him at his workplace between the young trees and asked him about his work. (安徽省中考题)

　　「说明」between改为among， between表示“两者之间”， 而among则表示“三者或三者以上之中”。

　　(7) And he ran slowly that he couldn‘t catch it. (娄底市中考题)

　　「说明」在ran与slowly两词之间加so.