2019年中考英语语法复习：名词

专有名词

普通名词

国名，地名人名，团体机构名称

可数名词

不可数名词

个体名词

集体名词

抽象名词

物质名词

规则

例词

1

一般情况在词尾加-s

map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days

2

以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es

class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes

3

以-f或-fe结尾的词

变-f和-fe为v再加-es

leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives

加-s

belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs

4

以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es

party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities

5

以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s

toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys

6

以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词

一般加-es

hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes

不少外来词加-s

piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos

两者皆可

zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos

7

以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s

radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos

8

以-th结尾的名词加-s

truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,

规则

例词

1

改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式

man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice

2

单复数相同

sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,

3

只有复数形式

ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents

4

一些集体名词总是用作复数

people, police, cattle, staff

5

部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）

audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party

6

复数形式表示特别含义

customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)

7

表示“某国人”

加-s

Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans

单复数同形

Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese

以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women

Englishmen, Frenchwomen

8

合成名词

将主体名词变为复数

sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends

无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数

grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches

将两部分变为复数

women singers, men servants

单数名词在末尾加’s

the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo,

复数名词

一般在末尾加’

the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother,

不规则复数名词后加’s

the children’s toys, women’s rights,

以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’

Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house

表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s

Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes

表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s

Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father

表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词省略

the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s

１

表示时间

today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday

2

表示自然现象

the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches

3

表示国家城市等地方的名词

the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry

4

表示工作群体

the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory

5

表示度量衡及价值

a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples

6

与人类活动有特殊关系的名词

the life’s time, the play’s plot

7

某些固定词组

a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)