第 1 页:单项选择题 |
第 4 页:多项选择题 |
第 5 页:案例分析题 |
2. 2010年4月1日,A企业与B企业签订了一份买卖合同,按照买卖合同的约定,由A企业在2010年5月31日前向B企业提供货物,B企业收到货物后的10天内支付货款。
2010年5月25日,A企业按照合同约定完成全部货物的生产,5月26日A企业得到确切证据证明B企业经营状况严重恶化,可能无力支付货款。6月2日A企业通知B企业中止履行合同,并要求B企业提供担保。B企业承诺,可以请求C企业和D企业提供担保。
2010年6月10日,A企业与C企业签订了抵押合同,抵押物为C企业的厂房。双方在抵押合同中约定,如B企业不能支付到期货款,该厂房的所有权直接归A企业所有,并办理了抵押物的登记手续。A企业又与D企业签订了保证合同,双方在保证合同中约定的保证方式为一般保证,但未约定保证期间。
2010年6月15日,A企业向B企业交付了全部货物。B企业对货物的数量和质量未提出异议,但由于经营状况不佳,无力支付货款。
A企业要求C企业履行担保责任,A企业发现C企业用于抵押的厂房已经被政府有关部门征用,C企业由此获得一笔补偿金。A企业要求C企业以其获得的补偿金支付货款,C企业表示拒绝。
A企业要求D企业履行保证责任,D企业表示拒绝,理由是:第一,自己享有先诉抗辩权;第二,自己的提供的保证与C提供的物的担保并存,应先执行物的担保。
要求:根据上述事实和有关法律规定,分析回答下列问题。
(1)A企业在2010年6月2日是否可以中止履行合同?并说明理由。
(2)抵押合同中约定,如B企业不能支付到期货款,该厂房的所有权直接归A企业所有是否合法?抵押合同是否有效?并分别说明理由。
(3)D企业的保证期间从何时开始计算?并说明理由。
(4)D企业拒绝履行保证责任的两个理由是否正确?并分别说明理由。
(5)A企业是否有权要求以补偿金支付货款?并说明理由。
(6)A企业应在什么期间内对D企业提起诉讼?并说明理由。
[答案]
(1)A企业可以中止履行合同。(0.5分)根据规定,应当先履行债务的当事人,有确切证据证明对方经营状况严重恶化的,可以中止履行,要求对方提供担保。(1.5分)(2014年教材P74)
A Company may suspend its performance of the contract. According to regulations, the party required to perform first may suspend its performance and request the other party to provide appropriate assurance for its performance if it has conclusive evidence showing that the other party’s business has seriously deteriorated.
(2)首先,抵押合同中,“如B企业不能支付到期货款,该厂房的所有权直接归A企业所有”的条款不合法。根据规定,当事人在订立抵押合同时,不得在合同中约定在债务履行期满抵押权人未受清偿时,抵押物的所有权转移为债权人所有。如果合同中有这样的条款,则该条款无效,即“流押条款无效”。(1分)(2014年教材P56)
其次,抵押合同有效。根据规定,流押条款无效不影响抵押合同其他条款的效力。(1分)(2014年教材P56)
First, the clause in the mortgage contract stipulating that “if B Company fails to make the payment due, the ownership of the plant shall be directly transferred to A Company” is illegal. According to regulations, in concluding a mortgage contract, the mortgagor and the mortgagee may not stipulate that the ownership of the mortgaged property shall be transferred to the creditor in case the mortgagee’s claim is not satisfied after maturity of the debt. Therefore, such clause, i.e., the “fluidity clause”, is ineffective.
Second, the mortgage contract is effective. According to regulations, the nullity and voidness of the fluidity clause shall not affect the validity of other provisions of the mortgage contract.
(3)D企业的保证期间从2010年6月25日(或答6月26日也可))开始计算。(0.5分)根据规定,保证人与债权人未约定保证期间的,保证期间为主债务履行期届满之日起6个月。(1.5分)(2014年教材P79)
The term of suretyship of D Company shall be calculated from June 25, 2010. According to regulations, if the surety of a general suretyship and the creditor have no agreement on the term of suretyship, the term of suretyship shall be six months from the date of maturity of the principal debts.
(4)①D企业的第一个理由正确。根据规定,一般保证的保证人享有先诉抗辩权,在主合同纠纷未经审判或仲裁,并就债务人财产依法强制执行用于清偿债务前,对债权人可拒绝承担保证责任。(1.5分)(2014年教材P78)
②D企业的第二个理由不正确。根据规定,在同一债权上既有保证又有第三人提供物的担保的,债权人可以就物的担保实现债权,也可以要求保证人承担保证责任。提供担保的第三人承担担保责任后,有权向债务人追偿。(1.5分)(2014年教材P80)
① The first reason of D Company is correct. According to regulations, the surety of a general suretyship enjoys the right of discussion, which means that a general suretyship allows the surety to refuse to undertake suretyship liability towards the creditor before a dispute over the principal contract is tried or arbitrated and the obligations are not enforceable even after the debtor’s assets have been seized according to law.
② The second reason of D Company is incorrect. According to regulations, where the same right of a creditor is assured by both a guarantee and a property guarantee of a third party, the creditor may either have his claim paid with such property or request the guarantee provider to undertake the suretyship. After the third party has borne the suretyship, he shall have the right of recourse against the debtor.
(5)A企业有权要求以补偿金支付货款。(0.5分)担保期间,担保财产毁损、灭失或者被征收等,担保物权人可以就获得的保险金、赔偿金或者补偿金等优先受偿。(1.5分)(2014年教材P55)
A Company has the right to seek payments from the indemnities. According to regulations, in case, during the security term, the property for security is damaged, lost or expropriated, the security holder may seek preferred payments from the insurance money, damages or indemnities, etc. incurred therefrom.
(6)A企业应在对B企业提起诉讼的判决生效之日起2年内对D企业提起诉讼。(0.5分)根据规定,在一般保证中,在保证期间内对债务人提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的判决或者仲裁裁决生效之日起算保证的诉讼时效。保证的诉讼时效期限为2年。(1.5分)(2014年教材P80)
A Company shall lodge a complaint against D Company within two years from the effective date of the verdict on the complaint it lodged against B Company. According to regulations, where the creditor of a general guarantee lodges a complaint or applies for arbitration against the debtor before the expiration of the guarantee term, the limitation of action for the guarantee contract shall be calculated from the effective date of verdict or arbitration award. The limitation of action for the guarantee contract shall be two year.
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