三、 不定式作表语
1. 一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)
To see is to believe/ To work means to earn a living.
2. 另一种情况主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. / The boss's plan is to start building the skycraper immediately. / What I want to say is to get rid of the plan forever.
11) The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing [A] large uninterrupted floor areas [B] and to allow ample light [C] into the interior [D] .
12) The most important [A] thing is negociate [B] with them about [C] the future of [D] the plant.
四、 不定式作定语
1. 不定式作定语修饰名词或代词,它只能放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。这时被修饰的名词与不定式之间有逻辑上的主谓关系
13) The flexibility of film allows the artist unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
[A] to bring[B] bringing[C] is brought[D] brings
14) Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazzblues singer rests on her ability emotional depth to her songs.
[A] be giving[B] are given[C] being given[D] to give 另外,有些词的不定式定语有主谓关系,如除了上述例句以外,还有些词常跟不定式作定语。这些词主要有decision (to make), (a) need (to eat), opportunity (to speak),reason(to learn a foreing language), time (to sth)等。
2. 动词不定式作定语往往有一层动宾关系,即所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语
15) Alice was having [A] trouble to control [B] the children because there were [C] so many [D] of them.
16) There are so many reference books for matriculation of postgraduate and I haven't decided which book .
[A] to buy[B] buy[C]to be buying[D] buying
17) Astronauts can be affected by loneliness for they have to sit in the spacecraft for weeks with very little and no one .
[A] to do … to talk[B] doing … to talk to
[C] to do … to talk to[D] doing… to talk
3. 因为不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语,所以如果不定式动词是不及物动词,那么就要在动词后加上相应的介词
He has a lot of trifles to deal with./ I had got no place to live in./That girl has nothing to worry about./the subject to concentrate on. / He has a strict teacher to listen to. / She has four children to look after. / She had a sick mother to live with. / This is the very person to sell your ticket to.
18) Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes, I still was not able to find a chair .
[A] to sit[B] for to sit on[C] to sit on[D] for sitting
4. 一些表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意义的名词后面要求接不定式作其定语,如:ability, attempt, effort等
19) During [A] the 19th century scientists found [B] that when certain parts of the brain were damaged [C] men lost the ability doing [D] certain things.
20) What is new, however, is the scientific attempt whether other planets beyond our own have given birth to advanced civilizations.
[A] discover[B] discovers[C] discovering[D] to discover
21) Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort her?
[A] please [B] pleased [C] to please [D] having pleased
五、不定式作状语
注意作状语的动词不定式要与其逻辑主语在意义上和数上的一致。
1. 表示目的
22) its plans to promote disarmaments,the party has decided to establish a campaign headquarters with Benjamin Seaman as its leader.
[A]Although[B]To carry out[C]Except that[D] Make
23) pure lead,the lead ore is mined,then smelted,and finally refined.
[A] Obtaining[B] Being obtained[C] To obtain[D] It is obtained
24) When they met,Leonardo and his enemy were fighting .
[A]killed each other[B]killing each other[C]to be killed each other
[D]to kill each other
2. 表示结果,在这种情况下,不定式的逻辑主语也是全句的主语
He must be cripple not to walk by himself./It seems that the employee didn't sleep at all to be so sleepy in the early morning. / What have I done for you to deserve such an amount of money?
还有固定搭配的不定式表示结果:so…as to; such(…) as to …; enough to…; too…to…; in order to … 等
We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests./ Is that room big enough to seat all of us?/ He is too young to fit that job.
3. 表示原因
It's very kind of you to say so. / I am pretty pleased to hear the news that you are elected as the president of the club. / I'm sorry to interrupt you. / They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.
4. 伴随状况
在下列表示能力、愿望、倾向等语义的形容词后边也要接不定式:able(但其同义词“ capable”后面要接“of+动名词”),anxious, eager, glad, inclined(倾向于),liable, likely, pleased, ready等。
25) Certain [A] minerals are magnetic and are able to detected [B] by instruments that measure [C] differences in the Earth's magnetic fields [D] .
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